Due to decrease in the resources of high-quality iron ore with a low phosphorus content, the iron ores with an increasingly complex mineralogical composition, as well as oolitic deposits, in particular, the deposits with an increased phosphorus content are involved in the production. The morphology of the oolite ore of the Ayat deposit (Kazakhstan), which is close to the iron content of the oolite iron ore of the world's largest Kerch deposit was studied. The results of the study of the morphology of the iron ore of the Ayat deposit and the influence of oxidative firing on the process of transformation of its structural components are presented. The general analysis of the composition of the initial ore before and after oxidative firing was carried out by chemical methods. It is shown that firing leads to an increase in the iron content from 39.3 to 48.1 wt. %. The mineral composition was determined by XRD phase analysis using a diffractometer. The initial iron-containing phase goethite dissociates with formation of hematite during firing. The experiments were carried out to study the decomposition of brown ironstone in an oxidizing atmosphere with continuous control of the temperature and mass of the sample. The two peaks were revealed on the graph of the mass rate change depending on temperature. At a temperature of 220 °C the rate of mass loss during the removal of crystallohydrate moisture reacheda maximum and it was 1.38 %/min, and at a temperature of 380 °C the maximum mass loss rate was 1.18 %/min, which was associated with the dissociation of carbonates. The total mass loss during firing was almost 24 %. A map of the distribution of elements in the initial ore is presented. It confirms that oolites are mainly formed by the iron oxides, there are phases of waste rock consisting mainly of silicon oxides, in addition, there are complex oxide phases where several elements (Fe, Si, Al) are present. The sulfur and phosphorus are distributed almost evenly not being attributed to any particular phase. The structural components of the initial and fired ore were evaluated using an electron microscope. The obtained data generalizes the results of the study of morphological features of the oolite ore of the Ayat deposit and can be used in the development of theoretical and technological bases for processing the oolite ores.