Ore genesis and hydrothermal evolution of the Kendenggao’er copper-molybdenum deposit, western Tianshan: Evidence from isotopes (S, Pb, H, O) and fluid inclusions

Wang, Guan‐Nan; Gu, Xiaohong; Zhang, Yongmei; Peng, Yi‐Wei; Zheng, Shaohua

doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2018.01.004

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…The North Tianshan accretionary complex is mainly composed of Devonian-Carboniferous turbidites and Carboniferous ophiolites, which recorded the southdipping subduction and closure of the North Tianshan Ocean (Wang et al, 2008;Xiao et al, 2014). Meanwhile, the South Tianshan accretionary complex contains Cambrian-Carboniferous ophiolites and (meta)sedimentary rocks, and recorded the north-dipping subduction and closure of the Southern Tianshan Ocean (Zhong et al, 2017;Zhu et al, 2009) Kusongmuqieke, Kaiertasi and Kelaketi groups) on its northern and southern margin, and the basement is overlain unconformably by Palaeozoic strata and intruded by Ordovician-Permian granites (Sun et al, 2020;Wang, Gu, et al, 2018;Zhu et al, 2019Zhu et al, , 2020. The Lower Palaeozoic strata are less exposed and distributed mainly in the Boluokenu Mountains, whereas the Upper Palaeozoic-Mesozoic strata are widely distributed.…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Yili microcontinental block contains exposed Precambrian metamorphic basement (incl. the Wenquan, Tekesi, Kusongmuqieke, Kaiertasi and Kelaketi groups) on its northern and southern margin, and the basement is overlain unconformably by Palaeozoic strata and intruded by Ordovician–Permian granites (Sun et al, 2020; Wang, Gu, et al, 2018; Zhang et al, 2012; Zhu et al, 2019, 2020). The Lower Palaeozoic strata are less exposed and distributed mainly in the Boluokenu Mountains, whereas the Upper Palaeozoic–Mesozoic strata are widely distributed.…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genesis of the Lamasu large skarn Cu deposit, northern Xinjiang: Constraints from garnet U–Pb dating, micro‐textural and geochemical analyses

Wang,

Liu,

Lai

et al. 2023

Geological Journal

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The Lamasu deposit is the first large copper (Cu) deposit with ~0.6 Mt Cu reserve in the Chinese Western Tianshan Orogen (NW China). The Cu orebodies are mainly hosted in the exoskarn of the Proterozoic Kusongmuqieke Group. Now, the metallogenic mechanism of newly discovered skarn Cu orebodies (0.5 Mt Cu) remains poorly constrained. In this study, we conducted LA‐ICP‐MS U–Pb isotope dating, EPMA and LA‐ICP‐MS geochemical analyses on different generations of garnet from Lamasu to elucidate the magmatic hydrothermal evolution and its timing. Garnets from the Lamasu exoskarn can be divided into three types: reddish‐brown coarse‐grained Grt‐I, light brown fine‐grained Grt‐II and yellowish‐green heterogranular Grt‐III, with U–Pb age of 389.1 ± 2.0 Ma, 387.1 ± 1.8 Ma and 387.0 ± 2.3 Ma, respectively. These dates represent the oldest Cu mineralization age in the Chinese Western Tianshan, coeval with the Middle Devonian subduction of the North Tianshan oceanic plate. Grt‐I to Grt‐III particles are mainly andradite with minor grossularite, and they have different REE compositions. The Grt‐I has total REE contents (∑REE) of 101.47 to 262.87 ppm, with steeply right‐inclining REE distribution patterns (LREE/HREE of 3.81 to 68.50) and positive Eu anomaly. The Grt‐II core has ∑REE of 163.49–249.52 ppm, LREE/HREE of 2.00–4.71, and negative Eu anomaly. The Grt‐II rim has ∑REE of 46.34–99.99 ppm, with LREE/HREE of 18.06–177.23, and positive Eu anomaly. The ∑REE of Grt‐III range from 31.71 to 219.02 ppm, with flat REE distribution pattern and positive Eu anomaly, and the LREE/HREE ranges from 2.16 to 9.07. These garnets have similar trace element compositions, featured by LILE‐depletions (e.g., Rb, Ba and Sr) and HFSE enrichments (e.g., Th, U, Nb and Ce). Micro‐texture and geochemical composition of garnets indicate that the Lamasu magmatic hydrothermal system could have changed from an open to a closed environment, and from infiltration metasomatism to diffusive metasomatism, which formed Grt‐I, Grt‐II and Grt‐III successively. These garnets generally formed in a relatively oxidized fluid environment, which inhibited early sulphide precipitation and favoured for Cu enrichment during the ore fluid evolution.

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Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genesis of the Lamasu large skarn Cu deposit, northern Xinjiang: Constraints from garnet U–Pb dating, micro‐textural and geochemical analyses

Wang,

Liu,

Lai

et al. 2023

Geological Journal

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“…The Chinese Tianshan is traditionally divided into the Western Tianshan and the Eastern Tianshan, with the latter extending eastward to the Beishan Orogen. The Western Tianshan is well known as one of the most important metallogenic belts in the CAOB (Pirajno & Seltmann, ; Xue et al, ; Wang et al, ), where porphyry‐epithermal Cu‐Au polymetallic mineralization systems are well developed. During the past decades, a number of Paleozoic epithermal deposits (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…the Axi, Jiamante, Kuruer) (Zhai et al, ; Wu et al, ; Zhang et al, ; Yu et al, , b) and porphyry Cu‐Mo deposits (e.g. Kendenggao'er; Dabate) (Duan et al, ; Wang et al, ) have been discovered in this area. Many systematic studies have focused on porphyry Cu‐(Mo) deposits and epithermal Au deposits to document their geological characteristics, fluids, isotopic ages, genesis, and tectonic settings (Xue et al, ; Chen et al, ; Yu et al, , b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genesis of the Xiuwenghala Gold Deposit in the Beishan Orogen, Northwest China: Evidence from Geology, Fluid Inclusion, and H–O–S–Pb Isotopes

et al. 2019

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The Xiuwenghala gold deposit is located in the Beishan Orogen of the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt. The vein/lenticular gold orebodies are controlled by Northeast-trending faults and are hosted mainly in the brecciated/ altered tuff and rhyolite porphyry of the Lower Carboniferous Baishan Formation. Metallic minerals include mainly pyrite and minor chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, galena, and sphalerite, whilst nonmetallic minerals include quartz, chalcedony, sericite, chlorite, and calcite. Hydrothermal alterations consist of silicic, sericite, chlorite, and carbonate. Alteration/mineralization processes comprise three stages: pre-ore silicic alteration (Stage I), syn-ore quartz-chalcedony-polymetallic sulfide mineralization (Stage II), and post-ore quartz-calcite veining (Stage III). Fluid inclusions (FIs) in quartz and calcite are dominated by L-type with minor V-type and lack any daughter mineral-bearing or CO 2 -rich/-bearing inclusions. From Stages I to III, the FIs homogenized at 240-260 C, 220-250 C, and 150-190 C, with corresponding salinities of 2.9-10.9, 3.2-11.1, and 2.9-11.9 wt.% NaCl eqv., respectively. The mineralization depth at Xiuwenghala is estimated to be relatively shallow (<1 km). FI results indicate that the ore-forming fluids belong to a low to medium-temperature, low-salinity, and low-density NaCl-H 2 O system. The δ 18 O H2O values decrease from Stage I to III (3.7‰, 1.7-2.4‰, and −1.7 to 0.9‰, respectively), and a similar trend is found for their δD H 2 O values (−104 to −90‰, −126 to −86‰, and −130 to −106‰, respectively). This indicates that the fluid source gradually evolved from magmatic to meteoric. δ 34 S values of the hydrothermal pyrites (−3.0 to 0.0‰; avg. −1.1‰) resemble those of typical magmatic/mantle-derived sulfides. Pyrite Pb isotopic ) are similar to those of the (sub)volcanic ore host, indicating that the origin of ore-forming material was mainly the upper crustal (sub)volcanic rocks. Integrating evidence from geology, FIs, and H-O-S-Pb isotopes, we suggest that Xiuwenghala is best classified as a low-sulfidation epithermal gold deposit.

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Investigation of provenances of Early Islamic lead glazes from northern Central Asia using elemental and lead isotope analyses

Klesner

Renson

Akymbek

et al. 2021

Archaeol Anthropol Sci

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Ore genesis and hydrothermal evolution of the Kendenggao’er copper-molybdenum deposit, western Tianshan: Evidence from isotopes (S, Pb, H, O) and fluid inclusions

Cited by 13 publications

References 71 publications

Genesis of the Lamasu large skarn Cu deposit, northern Xinjiang: Constraints from garnet U–Pb dating, micro‐textural and geochemical analyses

Genesis of the Lamasu large skarn Cu deposit, northern Xinjiang: Constraints from garnet U–Pb dating, micro‐textural and geochemical analyses

Genesis of the Xiuwenghala Gold Deposit in the Beishan Orogen, Northwest China: Evidence from Geology, Fluid Inclusion, and H–O–S–Pb Isotopes

Investigation of provenances of Early Islamic lead glazes from northern Central Asia using elemental and lead isotope analyses

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