Orexin inputs to caudal raphé neurons involved in thermal, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal regulation

Berthoud, Hans‐Rudolf; Patterson, Laurel M.; Sutton, Gregory M.; Morrison, Christopher D.; Zheng, Huiyuan

doi:10.1007/s00418-005-0761-x

Cited by 108 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Long-lasting effects and interference with the diurnal rhythm are not exclusive among the peptides regulating energy balance. Orexin initiates daytime food intake only, and NPY's action on body temperature is maintained for at least 24 h. 24,25 Earlier data showed that nesfatin-1 reduced nocturnal food intake in the first 6 h after icv injections or given intranasally at the beginning of the dark phase. 1,3 Report about longer than 24 h observations is not published so far.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nesfatin-1 exerts long-term effect on food intake and body temperature

Könczöl

Pintér²,

Ferenczi

et al. 2012

Int J Obes

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OBJECTIVE:To determine whether the anorexigenic peptide, nesfatin-1 affects energy expenditure, and to follow the time course of its effects. DESIGN: Food intake duration, core body temperature, locomotor activity and heart rate of rats were measured by telemetry for 48 h after a single intracerebroventricular injection of 25 or 100 pmol nesfatin-1 applied in the dark or the light phase of the day. Body weight, food and water intake changes were measured daily. Furthermore, cold-responsive nesfatin-1/NUCB2 neurons were mapped in the brain. RESULTS: Nesfatin-1 reduced duration of nocturnal food intake for 2 days independently of circadian time injected, and raised body temperature immediately, or with little delay depending on the dose and circadian time applied. The body temperature remained higher during the next light phases of the 48 h observation period, and the circadian curve of temperature flattened. After light phase application, the heart rate was elevated transiently. Locomotion did not change. Daily food and water intake, as well as body weight measurements point to a potential decrease in all parameters on the first day and some degree of compensation on the second day. Cold-activated (Fos positive) nesfatin-1/NUCB2 neurones have been revealed in several brain nuclei involved in cold adaptation. Nesfatin-1 co-localised with prepro-thyrotropin-releasing hormone in cold responsive neurones of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, and in neurones of the nucleus raphe pallidus and obscurus that are premotor neurones regulating brown adipose tissue thermogenesis and skin blood flow. CONCLUSION: Nesfatin-1 has a remarkably prolonged effect on food intake and body temperature. Time course of nesfatin-1's effects may be varied depending on the time applied. Many of the nesfatin-1/NUCB2 neurones are cold sensitive, and are positioned in key centres of thermoregulation. Nesfatin-1 regulates energy expenditure a far more potent way than it was recognised before making it a preferable candidate anti-obesity drug.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nesfatin-1 exerts long-term effect on food intake and body temperature

Könczöl

Pintér²,

Ferenczi

et al. 2012

Int J Obes

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“…Orexin (also known as hypocretin) is a neuropeptide that has been reported to play a role in the regulation of feeding, drinking, body temperature, general activity (Lubkin and Stricker-Krongrad, 1998;Edwards et al, 1999;Hagan et al, 1999;Kunii et al, 1999;Mondal et al, 1999;Piper et al, 2000;Estabrooke et al, 2001;Hungs et al, 2001;Yoshimichi et al, 2001;Kotz et al, 2002;Berthoud et al, 2005), energy homeostasis (Mintz et al, 2001), stimulation of gastric secretion in rats (Takahashi et al, 1999), increasing metabolic rate in rats (Lubkin and Stricker-Krongard, 1998), altering luteinising hormone release in rats (Pu et al, 1998) and in the regulation of the sleepwake cycle specifically associated with increased wakefulness and inhibition of REM sleep (Sakurai et al, 1998;Chemelli et al, 1999;Siegel, 1999;Bourgin et al, 2000;Kilduff and Peyron, 2000;Thannickal et al, 2000;van den Pol, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of orexinergic neurons and their terminal networks in the brains of two species of African mole rats

Bhagwandin

Fuxé

Bennett

et al. 2011

Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy

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The distribution of orexinergic cell bodies and terminal networks within the brains of two species of African mole rat (Cape-dune mole rat -Bathyergus suillus and highveld mole rat -Cryptomys hottentotus) were identified using immunohistochemistry for Orexin-A.The aim of the study was to investigate possible differences in the nuclear complement and terminal distribution of this system by comparing those of the mole rats to published studies of other rodents and mammals. The wild-caught mole rats used in this study live a subterranean lifestyle and are well known for their regressed visual system, which may lead to the prediction of differences in the distribution of the cell bodies and the terminal networks; however, we found that both species of mole rat displayed orexinergic nuclei limited to the hypothalamus in regions similar to those previously reported for other rodent and mammalian species. No immunoreactive neurons could be identified, in either species of mole rat within the anterior hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, as has been reported for Murid rodents. The terminal networks, while remaining similar between the species, are more strongly expressed in the Cape-dune mole rat than in the highveld mole rat.

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“…Axons of orexin-containing neurons project to respiration-related sites, such as the nucleus tractus solitarius, pre-Bötzinger complex, and the hypoglossal, raphe, retrotrapezoid, and phrenic nuclei (Berthoud et al 2005;Fung et al 2001;Peyron et al 1998;Young et al 2005). Intracerebroventricular administration of orexin promotes respiration (Zhang et al 2005) and orexin-deficient mice exposed to stressors increase their respiration less as compared to control mice (Kayaba et al 2003;Zhang et al 2006b).…”

Section: Orexinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paroxetine influences respiration in rats: implications for the treatment of panic disorder

Olsson¹,

Annerbrink²,

Bengtsson³

et al. 2004

European Neuropsychopharmacology

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SwedenPrinted by Chalmers Reproservice, Göteborg, Sweden Previously published papers were reproduced with kind permission from the publishers. Background and aims: Panic disorder is a psychiatric disorder characterized by sudden attacks of intense anxiety. It displays a lot of features suggesting that it may be associated with an underlying aberration in the autonomic regulation of heart activity and respiration: i) the attacks are often characterized by respiratory symptoms and symptoms from the heart, ii) the attacks can be elicited by respiratory stimulants, iii) between attacks, patients with panic disorder often display enhanced respiratory variability and reduced heart rate variability, and iv) patients with panic disorder display enhanced prevalence of respiratory disorders and enhanced mortality in cardiovascular disease. Addressing the reasons for these physiological aberrations may help in elucidating the pathophysiology underlying panic disorder, and shed light on why this disorder is associated with enhanced mortality in cardiovascular disease. Serotonin is believed to be a neurotransmitter of great importance for panic disorder, as well as for the regulation of respiration: one main purpose of the animal studies presented in this thesis hence was to increase our knowledge regarding the role of serotonin in respiratory regulation, the hypothesis being that aberrations in respiration may cause the anxiety attacks, and that serotoninmodulating drugs may prevent panic attacks partly by stabilizing the regulation of respiration. In the first part of the thesis, data is presented on the effects on respiration in freely moving rats of various serotonergic compounds. The second part of this thesis is focused on genetic variations that may be associated with panic disorder. Orexin is a neuropeptide of suggested importance for both respiratory regulation and arousal. We investigated two polymorphisms in the orexin receptors 1 and 2, HCRTR1 Ile408Val and HCRTR2 Val308Iso, in panic disorder patients and healthy controls. Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) is an enzyme that degrades catecholamines such as dopamine and noradrenaline, and may thus be of importance for both autonomic control and psychiatric symptoms. The functional Val158Met polymorphism in this gene has been associated with panic disorder in several studies; in an attempt to replicate this finding, we genotyped this polymorphism in the same group of panic disorder patients. In a separate cohort, we also explored if the same polymorphism is associated with risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Observations: 1) Serotonin depletion with para-chlorophenylalanine decreased respiratory rate and increased respiratory variability. 2) Chronic treatment with serotonin reuptake inhibitors increased respiratory rate. 3) Acute treatment with serotonin reuptake inhibitors, as well as the serotonin releasing drugs d-fenfluramine and m-CPP, and the 5-HT1A antagonist WAY-100635, decreased respiratory rate. 4) The HCRTR2 Val308Iso polymorphism was significantly...

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Orexin inputs to caudal raphé neurons involved in thermal, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal regulation

Cited by 108 publications

References 69 publications

Nesfatin-1 exerts long-term effect on food intake and body temperature

Nesfatin-1 exerts long-term effect on food intake and body temperature

Distribution of orexinergic neurons and their terminal networks in the brains of two species of African mole rats

Paroxetine influences respiration in rats: implications for the treatment of panic disorder

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