The rewarding effects of alcohol can lead to progressively heavier and more frequent drinking. Since studies of reward have mainly focused on responses to higher alcohol doses, the relations between reward and moderate/sustained alcohol exposure remain unknown. Our objective was to evaluate factors affecting the reward value of low alcohol doses and risk factors for increasing alcohol doses due to reward progression caused by alcohol exposure patterns. We thus performed conditioned place preference (CPP) and ethanol (EtOH)-induced locomotor sensitization tests in mice. Low-dose EtOH (0.5 or 1 g/kg twice/week)-induced CPP was stronger than that produced by saline control treatment, but the effect decreased with increasing numbers of conditioning trials. Moderate-dose/long-term EtOH exposure induced a weaker CPP than high-dose/short-term EtOH (2 g/kg twice/week) exposure with the same total EtOH dose (8 g/kg/experiment). Acamprosate calcium, an anti-relapse drug, preclusively reduced EtOH-induced CPP. EtOH induced CPP and locomotor sensitization in black but not white chamber, although the initial preference and the basal locomotion in each chamber were equal. Therefore the brightness of the chamber had an effect on EtOHinduced sensitization. Moreover, additional studies indicated that EtOH-induced locomotor sensitization also depends on the dose but not the administration interval. Paired associative learning with EtOH exposure is a potent factor influencing the level of reward produced by EtOH. Moreover, exposure to high doses of alcohol, even on an intermittent schedule, carries a higher risk of addiction than exposure to moderate doses over longer periods.Key words moderate alcohol (ethanol: EtOH); conditioned place preference (CPP); reward; sensitization; paired associative learning Alcohol abuse is associated with serious physical and psychiatric illnesses, financial hardships, familial dysfunction, and violence, all of which place a substantial burden on society. Heavy alcohol consumption and long-term drinking increase the risk of alcohol-related diseases such as liver cirrhosis, cancer, pancreatitis, and depression. 1,2) In response, the World Health Organization (WHO) recently approved a Global Strategy to Reduce Harmful Use of Alcohol urging all countries to strengthen national responses to public health problems caused by alcohol use.3) In Japan, 6.45 million people suffer from alcohol-related problems, with an estimated annual economic loss of 4.15 trillion yen associated with alcohol. 4) In December 2013, the Basic Act on Measures against Alcohol-related Health Harm was enacted in Japan, promoting education about drinking in moderation to prevent alcoholrelated problems.Regular consumption of alcohol increases the propensity for addiction because of the rewarding effects of alcohol. Thus, many casual drinkers gradually increase total alcohol consumption, which becomes habitual over time. Although many studies in rodents have been conducted on chronic drinking and reward, 5-7) previous studies have ma...