Orexin System and Avian Muscle Mitochondria

Lassiter, Kentu; Dridi, Sami

doi:10.5772/intechopen.85177

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…In human disease, mitochondrial dysfunction, in the form of mtDNA mutations or disruption in overall mitochondrial biology, has been implicated in diabetes, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, dementia, coronary artery disease, chronic fatigue syndrome, and ataxia ( 8 – 12 , 17 , 18 ). In broiler (meat-type) chickens, research has shown evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction related to susceptibility to ascites and to be influenced by orexin in broiler muscle ( 19 , 20 ). Mitochondria are also direct targets for some bacterial infections including Staphylococcus aureus , one of the most common causative agents in BCO ( 9 , 21 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Bacterial Chondronecrosis With Osteomyelitis–Affected Broilers

et al. 2021

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A leading cause of lameness in modern broilers is bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis (BCO). While it is known that the components of BCO are bacterial infection, necrosis, and inflammation, the mechanism behind BCO etiology is not yet fully understood. In numerous species, including chicken, mitochondrial dysfunction has been shown to have a role in the pathogenicity of numerous diseases. The mitochondria is a known target for intracellular bacterial infections, similar to that of common causative agents in BCO, as well as a known regulator of cellular metabolism, stress response, and certain types of cell death. This study aimed to determine the expression profile of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics, and function. RNA was isolated form the tibias from BCO-affected and healthy broilers and used to measure target gene expression via real-time qPCR. Mitochondrial biogenesis factors PGC-1α and PGC-1β were both significantly upregulated in BCO along with mitochondrial fission factors OMA1, MTFR1, MTFP1, and MFF1 as well as cellular respiration-related genes FOXO3, FOXO4, and av-UCP. Conversely, genes involved in mitochondrial function, ANT, COXIV, and COX5A showed decreased mRNA levels in BCO-affected tibia. This study is the first to provide evidence of potential mitochondrial dysfunction in BCO bone and warrants further mechanistic investigation into how this dysfunction contributes to BCO etiology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Bacterial Chondronecrosis With Osteomyelitis–Affected Broilers

et al. 2021

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“…Furthermore, the mRNA of prepro-orexin is expressed in the lateral hypothalamus area, known as a feeding center [ 4 , 9 ]. The orexin system is also expressed in peripheral tissues, including the kidney, adrenal gland, thyroid, testes, ovaries, jejunum, lung, pituitary gland, brown and white adipose tissues, and muscle [ 6 , 7 , 14 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ].…”

Section: Overview Of Orexinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The muscle was also investigated in the avian species as a main area of selection in modern broilers, leading to high metabolic demands within the muscle. To that end, the orexin system was shown to be expressed in the muscle and to regulate mitochondrial dynamics via fission- and fusion-related genes and their associated transcription factors [ 22 ]. In addition to the regulation of the orexin system within avian muscle, orexin treatment was also shown to impact mitochondrial biogenesis and functional genes, while also significantly decreasing the proton leak within a quail muscle cell line [ 22 ].…”

Section: Peripheral Role Of Orexinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To that end, the orexin system was shown to be expressed in the muscle and to regulate mitochondrial dynamics via fission- and fusion-related genes and their associated transcription factors [ 22 ]. In addition to the regulation of the orexin system within avian muscle, orexin treatment was also shown to impact mitochondrial biogenesis and functional genes, while also significantly decreasing the proton leak within a quail muscle cell line [ 22 ]. In quail muscle, acute heat stress decreased the expression of orexin and its receptor [ 87 ].…”

Section: Peripheral Role Of Orexinmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Avian Orexin: Feed Intake Regulator or Something Else?

Ramser

Dridi

2022

Veterinary Sciences

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Originally named for its expression in the posterior hypothalamus in rats and after the Greek word for “appetite”, hypocretin, or orexin, as it is known today, gained notoriety as a neuropeptide regulating feeding behavior, energy homeostasis, and sleep. Orexin has been proven to be involved in both central and peripheral control of neuroendocrine functions, energy balance, and metabolism. Since its discovery, its ability to increase appetite as well as regulate feeding behavior has been widely explored in mammalian food production animals such as cattle, pigs, and sheep. It is also linked to neurological disorders, leading to its intensive investigation in humans regarding narcolepsy, depression, and Alzheimer’s disease. However, in non-mammalian species, research is limited. In the case of avian species, orexin has been shown to have no central effect on feed-intake, however it was found to be involved in muscle energy metabolism and hepatic lipogenesis. This review provides current knowledge and summarizes orexin’s physiological roles in livestock and pinpoints the present lacuna to facilitate further investigations.

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“…Although orexin has been found in poultry for decades, its function is still inconclusive. Current evidence shows that orexin plays an important role in chicken for meat production, and would regulate the ATP level in mitochondria thereby increasing or decreasing feed intake [ 55 , 56 , 57 ].…”

Section: The Endocrine Regulation Of the Avian Appetitementioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Relationship between Adipose Metabolism Patterns and Secretion of Appetite-Related Endocrines on Chicken

Chuang

Hsieh

Chen

et al. 2020

Animals

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In addition to the influence of genes, the quality of poultry products is mainly controlled by the rearing environment or feed composition during rearing, and has to meet human use and economical needs. As the only source of energy for poultry, feed considerably affects the metabolic pattern of poultry and further affects the regulation of appetite-related endocrine secretion in poultry. Under normal circumstances, the accumulation of lipid in adipose reduces feed intake in poultry and increases the rate of adipose metabolism. When the adipose content in cells decreases, endocrines that promote food intake are secreted and increase nutrient concentrations in serum and cells. By regulating the balance between appetite and adipose metabolism, the poultry’s growth and posture can maintain a balanced state. In addition, increasing fiber composition in feed can effectively increase poultry welfare, body weight, lean composition and antioxidant levels in poultry. According to this, the concept that proper fiber content should be added to feed should be considered for better economic benefits, poultry welfare and meat productivity.

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Orexin System and Avian Muscle Mitochondria

Cited by 3 publications

References 65 publications

Evidence of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Bacterial Chondronecrosis With Osteomyelitis–Affected Broilers

Evidence of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Bacterial Chondronecrosis With Osteomyelitis–Affected Broilers

Avian Orexin: Feed Intake Regulator or Something Else?

Evaluation of the Relationship between Adipose Metabolism Patterns and Secretion of Appetite-Related Endocrines on Chicken

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