Organ-Based Response to Exercise in Type 1 Diabetes

Stehno‐Bittel, Lisa

doi:10.5402/2012/318194

Cited by 11 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 147 publications

(173 reference statements)

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“…T1D is also associated with an increase in mortality at every age; by some estimates, mortality rates are 5–10 times higher among those with the disease . The early nature of T1D onset, with average diagnosis age being 14 years, results in a lifetime exposure not only to erratic blood glucose levels but also to increased risk of complications . The list of diabetes‐related complications is extensive and involves nearly every organ system, including the skeleton …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new perspective on mechanisms governing skeletal complications in type 1 diabetes

Seref‐Ferlengez

Suadicani

Thi

2016

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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This review focuses on bone mechanobiology in type 1 diabetes (T1D), an area of research on diabetes-associated skeletal complications that is still in its infancy. We first provide a brief overview of the deleterious effects of diabetes on the skeleton and of the knowledge gained from studies with rodent models of T1D. Second, we discuss two specific hallmarks of T1D, low insulin and high glucose, and address the extent to which they affect skeletal heath. Third, we highlight the mechanosensitive nature of bone tissue and the importance of mechanical loading for bone health. We also summarize recent advances in bone mechanobiology that implicate osteocytes as the mechanosensors and major regulatory cells in the bone. Finally, we discuss recent evidence indicating that the diabetic bone is “deaf” to mechanical loading and that osteocytes are central players in mechanisms that lead to bone loss in T1D.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new perspective on mechanisms governing skeletal complications in type 1 diabetes

Seref‐Ferlengez

Suadicani

Thi

2016

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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“…Physical activity in children is related to several positive health outcomes, both psychological and somatic, such as reduced cardiovascular disease risk factors (e.g., blood pressure, blood lipids; Saakslahti et al., ), better motor skill development (Fisher et al., ), improved psychosocial characteristics (Timmons et al., ), and a healthier body composition (Moore et al., ). Thus, physical activity is often recommended to patients with chronic diseases such as asthma, obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D) and also to type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients to improve overall fitness and quality of life (Eijkemans et al., ; Stehno‐Bittel, ; Plotnikoff et al., ). Anyhow, it has recently been observed that children younger than 7 years with T1D are less physically active than healthy controls (Sundberg et al., ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

High physical activity in young children suggests positive effects by altering autoantigen‐induced immune activity

Carlsson

Ludvigsson

Huus

et al. 2015

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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Physical activity in children is associated with several positive health outcomes such as decreased cardiovascular risk factors, improved lung function, enhanced motor skill development, healthier body composition, and also improved defense against inflammatory diseases. We examined how high physical activity vs a sedentary lifestyle in young children influences the immune response with focus on autoimmunity. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells, collected from 55 5-year-old children with either high physical activity (n = 14), average physical activity (n = 27), or low physical activity (n = 14), from the All Babies In Southeast Sweden (ABIS) cohort, were stimulated with antigens (tetanus toxoid and beta-lactoglobulin) and autoantigens (GAD65 , insulin, HSP60, and IA-2). Immune markers (cytokines and chemokines), C-peptide and proinsulin were analyzed. Children with high physical activity showed decreased immune activity toward the autoantigens GAD65 (IL-5, P < 0.05), HSP60 and IA-2 (IL-10, P < 0.05) and also low spontaneous pro-inflammatory immune activity (IL-6, IL-13, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and CCL2 (P < 0.05)) compared with children with an average or low physical activity. High physical activity in young children seems to have positive effects on the immune system by altering autoantigen-induced immune activity.

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“…In an animal study, the IL-6 induced Glucogon like Peptide-1(GLP-1) release that occurred during exercise improved insulin secretion during subsequent meals. Unfortunately, there are no human clinical studies directly measuring the effect of exercise on the health and function of islets [36].…”

Section: Effect Of Aerobic Exercise In Type 2 Dmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Type 1 DM, only fewer reports have focused on the role of exercise, but more recent studies suggest that exercise improves blood glucose regulation, reduces the daily insulin dosage and decreases the risk of diabetes-associated complications in people with type 1DM 36 . There is clear evidence that aerobic exercises decrease the amount of required insulin to maintain glycemic control in people with type 1DM.…”

Section: Effect Of Exercise In Type 1 Dmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emphasis of Yoga in the Management of Diabetes

Thangasami¹,

Chandani²

2015

J Diabetes Metab

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Objectives: For years, exercise has been considered a cornerstone of diabetes management, along with diet and medication. Growing evidence supports the beneficial effects of yoga in physical and mental health through down regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). The purpose of this article is to provide a scholarly review of the literature of research studies comparing the effects of yoga and exercise in diabetes patients.Methods: This review focuses on published research articles indexed in the PubMed, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Science Direct and Scopus. Search criteria included research articles written in English with the key words "yoga", "diabetes mellitus (DM)", "Type 1 DM", "Type 2 DM", "Exercise". Only clinical or human studies published in English language were included. Exclusion criteria included articles that were not written in English. Conclusion:Exercise can improve glucose uptake by improving insulin sensitivity and reducing body adiposity in both patients of type 1 and type 2 DM. Yoga is an ancient discipline designed to bring balance and health to the physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual dimensions of the individual. Yoga may be an attractive alternate to traditional aerobic exercises and strength training program, as it requires only a little space and needs no equipment and literally devoid of side effects, mainly focusing on relaxation of mind and body. It provides a less strenuous and more pleasurable exercise experience to an individual. Yoga can help the person feel better, both improving the physical fitness and elevating the mood. Numerous studies have shown positive benefits of yoga in the management of diabetes with good impact on glycemic control, lipid profile and cardiovascular status. Further it can alleviate stress. Yoga can be considered as a good alternate for exercise therapy.

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Organ-Based Response to Exercise in Type 1 Diabetes

Cited by 11 publications

References 147 publications

A new perspective on mechanisms governing skeletal complications in type 1 diabetes

A new perspective on mechanisms governing skeletal complications in type 1 diabetes

High physical activity in young children suggests positive effects by altering autoantigen‐induced immune activity

Emphasis of Yoga in the Management of Diabetes

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