Organ cadmium deposits in orally exposed female rats and their pups and the depleting efficiency of sodium N‐(4‐methoxybenzyl)‐D‐glucamine‐N‐carbodithioate monohydrate (MeOBDCG)

Abstract

Cadmium was given to female rats in the drinking water (50 ppm Cd) from 4 weeks before mating until weaning (a total of 10 weeks). Four weeks after the discontinuation of exposure, mothers and offspring were then given two i.p. doses of 1 mmol kg-1 sodium N-(4-methoxybenzyl)-D-glucamine-N-carbodithioate monohydrate (MeOBDCG) on subsequent days. Cadmium in kidneys and liver was determined in groups of mothers before mating and in mothers and pups after parturition, at the end of lactation and 4 and 5 weeks after the discontinuation of exposure. An additional measurement was made in pups in the middle of the lactation period. Cadmium deposition rapidly increased in the two organs between the 11th and 21st day of lactation. At all times, Cd concentrations in the liver and kidneys of mothers were several orders higher than in the offspring. After the discontinuation of exposure, maternal hepatic and renal Cd contents showed a significant decrease. Treatment with the chelator depleted the hepatic Cd stores in mothers by 90% and in pups by 80%, while the corresponding renal depletions were only 23% and 12%, respectively. The liver and kidney contents of Cd (but not the concentration) increased by a higher factor during lactation than during pregnancy and exposure during lactation was also more important for pups than prenatal exposure. The lower efficiency of the chelator in the offspring indicates that Cd accumulated during the neonatal period was less accessible to treatment with chelating agents than Cd accumulated in later life.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Chelators as Antidotes of Metal Toxicity: Therapeutic and Experimental Aspects

“…Several factors can be involved, including immaturity of the kidney and biliary transport, differences in binding affinities and/or contents of metal carrier proteins, or differences in disposition and/or biotransformation of chelating agents [141,344,[352][353][354][355][356]. The presented data, together with the results that were more extensively reviewed earlier, suggest that age is a factor that should be considered during chelation therapy, both in experimental work and in clinical practice [315].…”

“…It is also suggested that with increasing organ cadmium concentration a smaller proportion of cadmium is bound to inaccessible binding sites [344]. One aspect of the toxicity of these carbodithioates (MeOBGDTC, BGDTC and MGDTC) was tested by using ten repeated administrations of each chelator and by measuring the essential elements iron, zinc, copper and calcium in the organs and urine of rats.…”

Oral cadmium exposure during rat pregnancy: assessment of transplacental micronutrient transport and steroidogenesis at term

“…Our findings of reduced water intake and increased kidney weight in Cd‐exposed pregnant rats indicate that lower water intake may be a sign of the nephrotoxic effect of Cd exposure. Reduced water intake in rats orally exposed to 50–180 mg l –1 Cd during pregnancy was also reported in previous studies (Baranski, ; Kostial et al ., ; Sorell and Graziano, ; Sowa and Steibert, ). The finding of diminished fluid consumption combined with an increase in kidney weight of Cd‐exposed rats with or without concomitant decrease in body weight gain were found in other studies; in female non‐pregnant rats after a 12‐week exposure to 50 mg Cd l –1 (Brzóska et al ., ) and in male rats after a 7‐day exposure to 100 mg Cd l –1 in water (Novelli et al ., ).…”

“…In our previous studies, we exposed Wistar rats to the same level of 50 mg Cd l –1 in drinking water 4 weeks before gestation, excluding a 3‐day mating and/or during gestation and lactation, that is, 6 or 10 weeks in total, and intermittently found reductions in pup body weights on day of birth 0, 11 and/or 21 (at weaning) that sometimes persisted even 1 month after the discontinuation of the exposure (Kostial et al ., ; Piasek et al ., , ). By a similar exposure regimen of 50 mg Cd l –1 in rats during GD1 to lactation day 21, lower body weights of pups were also found on day of birth, and days 7, 14 and 21 by Gupta et al .…”

Effect of Cadmium on Trophoblast Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis in Different Gestation Periods of Rat Placenta

“…In these experiments, low birth weight [38,39] was shown for the babies born as a result of Cd exposure in pre-gestational period and during gestation. Huel et al [40] reported that low birth weight was seen in the babies of mothers who were exposed to Cd in 1984.…”