Organ distribution of gut-derived bacteria caused by bowel manipulation or ischemia

Redan, Jay A.; Rush, Benjamin F.; Lysz, Thomas W.; Smith, Sharon; Machiedo, George W.

doi:10.1016/s0002-9610(05)80611-7

Cited by 65 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…This occurrence had already been described by Redan, but the explanation has remained unclear. 19 In our microbiologic study E coli was the most common isolated microorganism and it has consistently been reported in both animal and human studies. Several exogenous scavengers (for example: allopurinol, mannitol, dimethyl-sulfoxide and deferoxamine), have been used to prevent intestinal damage in consequence of oxygen-derived free radicals and lipid radicals actions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Effects of alpha-tocopherol on bacterial translocation and lipid peroxidation in rats with intestinal obstruction

2003

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PURPOSE: Investigate if alpha-tocopherol has a protective effect on intestinal mucosa after obstruction and to evaluate the potential relations between lipid peroxidation and bacterial translocation. METHODS: Ten rats were submitted to a sham laparotomy and six served as control group. A small bowel obstruction was done in sixteen animals and among them eight were pretreated with alpha-tocopherol. Forty-eight hours later, mesenteric lymph node, spleen, liver and blood cultures and also samples from ileal mucosal were obtained, Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels were determined and intestinal histological assessment was performed. RESULTS: Bacterial translocation was significantly increased in the obstructed rats compared with the control, sham and antioxidant pretreated groups (p< 0,05). TBARS (nmol/100mg) in untreated obstructed rats increased from 49,0 ± 13,3 in control group to 128,8 ± 40 after 48 hours of intestinal obstruction and achieved 72,3 ± 24,6 in alpha-tocopherol group (p< 0,05). Bacterial adherence to the intestinal epithelial cells surface and mucosal necrosis were significantly increased in the obstructed compared with nonobstructed rats. CONCLUSION: Alpha-tocopherol reduce the deleterious effects of the TBARS over the intestinal mucosal suggesting that in such circumstances there might be an association between bacterial translocation and lipid peroxidation after an intestinal occlusion.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Effects of alpha-tocopherol on bacterial translocation and lipid peroxidation in rats with intestinal obstruction

2003

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“…Disruption of the indigenous intestinal flora [5, 6], damage to the intestinal mucosa [7, 8]and impaired host defences [9]also occur in acute pancreatitis, with incidences and characteristics similar to those found and studied in greater detail in other serious diseases. This phenomenon has recently been corroborated by experimental studies with induced pancreatitis [10, 11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lactobacillus plantarum Reduces Infection of Pancreatic Necrosis in Experimental Acute Pancreatitis

Mangiante¹,

Colucci²,

Canepari³

et al. 2001

Dig Surg

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Background: Infection is the commonest cause of death in acute pancreatitis. Early reduction of commensal flora (particularly Lactobacillus species) and, at the same time, overgrowth of Enterobacteriaceae, especially Escherichia coli, have recently been described during acute pancreatitis. Lactobacillus plantarum has been shown to be effective in reducing the egress of endotoxin and microbial translocation in several experimental models such as chemically induced hepatitis and ulcerative colitis. Aim: The aim of the study was to determine whether L. plantarum 299v (Lp 299v) is capable of effectively reducing microbial translocation in experimental pancreatitis. Methods: Acute pancreatitis was induced by isolation and ligation of the biliopancreatic duct in Lewis rats weighing 250–350 g. The animals were divided into 3 groups: group A, sham operation; group B, induction of pancreatitis and no further treatment, and group C, induction of pancreatitis + daily administration by gavage of a 5-ml/day suspension of Lp 299v at 0.5–1.0 × 10⁹ bacteria/ml for 8 days, 4 days before and 4 days after induction of pancreatitis. All animals were sacrificed after 96 h. Histological studies and microbiological analyses were performed. Results: At sacrifice, 40/55 animals showed signs of severe pancreatitis. Since acute pancreatitis was the specific disease investigated, only these animals were subjected to further study. In group B, we found pathogenic micro-organisms in the mesenteric lymph nodes in 14/20 animals and in the pancreatic tissue in 10/20. The bacterial flora consisted predominantly of E. coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas and Proteus species. In contrast, when the animals were kept under an ’umbrella’ of Lp 299v, growth of E. faecalis or E. coli were detected only in 4/20 mesenteric lymph node cultures and in 3/20 pancreatic tissue cultures. Conclusions:Lp 299v is effective in reducing microbial translocation in experimental pancreatitis. Treatment with probiotic bacteria seems to be a promising alternative to antibiotic therapy.

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“…23,32 The interaction of endotoxin with tissue macrophages and endothelial cells in the mucosa results in the release of a number of products that mediate vascular and tissue injury of the type observed in this study. Mediators reported to significantly contribute to this pathogenesis include tissue factor (thromboplastin), tumor necrosis factor-cr (TNF-a) and platelet activating f a~t o r .~,~~,~~ Tissue factor initiates thrombin generation, which promotes systemic coagulation activation and aggregation of neutrophils and platelets within the microvasculature.25~36 Thrombin stimulates neutrophikndothelial cell tethering and platelet-endothelial cell adhesion by inducing endothelial expression of adhesion proteins, thus potentiating microvascular thrombosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Morphologic Changes of the Ascending Colon during Experimental Ischemia and Reperfusion in Ponies

et al. 1995

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Abstract. The morphologic changes following ascending colon volvulus result from the interaction of inflammatory and coagulation mediators. The objective of this study was to establish a quantifiable histopathologic scoring system to evaluate the serial pathomorphologic changes during ischemia and reperfusion. Such a scoring system could then be applied to subsequent studies designed to attenuate bowel lesions by regulating activity of individual mediators. Ten normal, healthy adult ponies were randomly divided into two equal groups. Following anesthesia and a 30-minute stabilization period, the colon of ponies in the experimental group was twisted 720" for 2 hours of ischemia and then untwisted for 2 hours of reperfusion. The control ponies underwent 4 hours of anesthesia. Full-thickness colonic biopsy specimens were obtained from the antimessenteric border of the pelvic flexure and prepared for light and transmission electron microscopy at 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours after twisting. The mean histopathology score at 0 hours for control ponies was 1.2 and remained unchanged; the score for the experimental ponies was 1.8 and progressed to 4.2 by 4 hours. At 2 hours of ischemia, there was edema of the submucosa and lamina propria attributable to accumulation of platelets, fibrin, and neutrophils in capillaries of the lamina propria. The morphologic changes in experimental ponies progressed to complete destruction of the mucosa with congestion, hemorrhage, and microvascular thrombosis. Mean histopathology scores of control and experimental ponies were significantly different at 1 hour of ischemia, and lesions progressively worsened through the reperfusion period. The morphologic changes observed in this study accurately reflect those changes reported in horses with naturally occumng colonic volvulus and can serve as a reference for subsequent studies on attenuating bowel injury.

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Organ distribution of gut-derived bacteria caused by bowel manipulation or ischemia

Cited by 65 publications

References 20 publications

Effects of alpha-tocopherol on bacterial translocation and lipid peroxidation in rats with intestinal obstruction

Effects of alpha-tocopherol on bacterial translocation and lipid peroxidation in rats with intestinal obstruction

Lactobacillus plantarum Reduces Infection of Pancreatic Necrosis in Experimental Acute Pancreatitis

Morphologic Changes of the Ascending Colon during Experimental Ischemia and Reperfusion in Ponies

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