Organ-specific Distribution and Accumulation of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids during the Life History of two Annual Senecio Species

Hartmann, Thomas; Zimmer, Michael

doi:10.1016/s0176-1617(86)80085-2

Cited by 141 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Concurrently, young leaves showed significantly less thrips damage. This is in accordance with the finding that in Senecio species, young leaves have relatively high concentrations of PAs compared to old leaves (Hartmann and Zimmer 1986;de Boer 1999). The more valuable plant parts are better defended against generalist herbivores than less important organs as is predicted by the optimal defense theory (Zangerl and Bazzaz 1992;van Dam et al 1996).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

NMR Metabolomics of Thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) Resistance in Senecio Hybrids

et al. 2009

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Western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) has become a key insect pest of agricultural and horticultural crops worldwide. Little is known about host plant resistance to thrips. In this study, we investigated thrips resistance in F 2 hybrids of Senecio jacobaea and Senecio aquaticus. We identified thrips-resistant hybrids applying three different bioassays. Subsequently, we compared the metabolomic profiles of these hybrids applying nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). The new developments of NMR facilitate a wide range coverage of the metabolome. This makes NMR especially suitable if there is no a priori knowledge of the compounds related to herbivore resistance and allows a holistic approach analyzing different chemical compounds simultaneously. We show that the metabolomes of thrips-resistant and -susceptible hybrids differed considerably. Thrips-resistant hybrids contained higher amounts of the pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA), jacobine, and jaconine, especially in younger leaves.Also, a flavanoid, kaempferol glucoside, accumulated in the resistant plants. Both PAs and kaempferol are known for their inhibitory effect on herbivores. In resistant and susceptible F 2 hybrids, young leaves showed less thrips damage than old leaves. Consistent with the optimal plant defense theory, young leaves contained increased levels of primary metabolites such as sucrose, raffinose, and stachyose, but also accumulated jacaranone as a secondary plant defense compound. Our results prove NMR as a promising tool to identify different metabolites involved in herbivore resistance. It constitutes a significant advance in the study of plant-insect relationships, providing key information on the implementation of herbivore resistance breeding strategies in plants.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

NMR Metabolomics of Thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) Resistance in Senecio Hybrids

et al. 2009

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“…In the 18 th century it spread to America, Sahara north Africa, Asia, Australia and New Zealand (Robinson et al, 2003). This species is reported to contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) (Hartmann & Zimmer 1986;Hartmann & Toppel 1987;Cano et al 2009;Yang et al, 2011), which are second metabolite compounds in plants. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids are regarded as major defense compounds of S. vulgaris and Senecio genus in common (Macel 2011).…”

Section: Study Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pyrrolizidine alkaloids are regarded as major defense compounds of S. vulgaris and Senecio genus in common (Macel 2011). The N -oxides are abundant occurrence in plants than the tertiary bases (Hartmann & Zimmer 1986;Hartmann et al, 1989). In tissue of PA producing species the tertiary alkaloid is rapidly N -oxidized.…”

Section: Study Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Senecio species, such as S. vulgaris, PAs are primarily produced as N -oxide in the roots. The N -oxides form are predominantly present than their corresponding form tertiary amines (Hartmann & Zimmer 1986;Hartmann & Toppel 1987). However, the tertiary amine is reported to be more toxic than the N -oxides (Macel et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been intensively studied in different species from Senecio genus (Pelser et al, 2005), such as S. vulgaris and S. vernalis (Hartmann & Zimmer 1986); and in Jacobaea genus, such as J. vulgaris and J. erucifolia. Several studies found that plants from invasive ranges had higher concentration and more diverse of qualitative defense than those from native area (reviewed by Doorduin & Johanna 2012;Lin 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variation of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Senecio vulgaris plants from native and invasive ranges

Cheng

Nguyen

Ndihokubwayo

et al. 2016

Preprint

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Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), a typical kind of secondary metabolites in plants, have important roles on defense against herbivores and pathogens; however, specialist herbivores adapted to PAs can use them as cues for oviposition and feeding. Thus, in the native ranges, PA diversity and concentration in plants were selected by the balance between pressure from generalist and specialist herbivores. In introduced ranges, where the specialist herbivores are absent, the introduced plants could increase concentration and diversity of PAs. This predication is deduced from the Shift Defense Hypothesis (SDH). In this research, we investigated whether there were any differences between native and invasive Senecio vulgaris plants (from Europe and China, respectively) with regards to the PA composition and concentration. We grew the native and invasive S. vulgaris plants in an identical condition and harvested them when they started to bloom. Their roots and shoots were separately harvested and dried. PA composition and concentration from powder of the shoots and roots were detected by using liquid chromatography -tanderm mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). We identified 14 PAs which belongs to the structural group senecionine -like PAs. Most of them occurred in both the native and invasive S. vulgaris plants, except the usaramine N -oxide that was only found in the native ones. From the 14 PAs identified, only riddelliine N -oxide had significantly higher present frequency in the invasive plants than in the native plants. The invasive S. vulgaris plants had significantly lower concentration of 3 individual PAs (seneciphylline N -oxide, spartioidine and spartioidine N -oxide) than the native ones. These results demonstrated that PA diversity and concentration of some individual PAs tended to reduce in the invasive range of S. vulgaris. This is contrary to the predictions of the SDH that the invasive plants would produce more qualitative defense than the native ones, and it is probably an evidence that a little trade -off between defense and growth happened to the S. vulgaris in China.

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Effects of Water and Mineral Nutrient Deficiencies on Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Content ofSenecio vulgaris Flowers

Brown

Molyneux

1996

J. Sci. Food Agric.

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The flowers of Senecio vulgaris contain the alkaloids senecionine, seneciphylline, and their N-oxides, compounds which are toxic to some grazing animals. Deficiencies of water, mineral nutrients, or both did not significantly alter concentrations of the individual alkaloids. However, more favourable growing conditions resulted in a greater quantity of flowers, which animals find quite palatable, so that each of these plants was potentially more toxic because it contained a larger total amount of the alkaloids.

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Organ-specific Distribution and Accumulation of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids during the Life History of two Annual Senecio Species

Cited by 141 publications

References 22 publications

NMR Metabolomics of Thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) Resistance in Senecio Hybrids

NMR Metabolomics of Thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) Resistance in Senecio Hybrids

Variation of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Senecio vulgaris plants from native and invasive ranges

Effects of Water and Mineral Nutrient Deficiencies on Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Content ofSenecio vulgaris Flowers

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