Organelle dynamics and viral infections: at cross roads

Glingston, R. Sahaya; Deb, Rachayeeta; Kumar, Sachin; Nagotu, Shirisha

doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2018.06.002

Cited by 56 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 186 publications

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“…Mitochondria are cell organelles that play a key role in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. They are involved in numerous functions and signaling pathways such as energy metabolism, innate immunity, calcium homeostasis, apoptosis, aging, and others [10]. Mitochondria are not static, but dynamic organelles involved in adaptation to changes in the metabolic environment of cells as well as their survival or death, in order to maintain the quality of mitochondrial function.…”

Section: Mitochondrial Dynamics: Role In Cell Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Implications of Oxidative Stress and Potential Role of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in COVID-19: Therapeutic Effects of Vitamin D

et al. 2020

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Due to its high degree of contagiousness and like almost no other virus, SARS-CoV-2 has put the health of the world population on alert. COVID-19 can provoke an acute inflammatory process and uncontrolled oxidative stress, which predisposes one to respiratory syndrome, and in the worst case, death. Recent evidence suggests the mechanistic role of mitochondria and vitamin D in the development of COVID-19. Indeed, mitochondrial dynamics contribute to the maintenance of cellular homeostasis, and its uncoupling involves pathological situations. SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with altered mitochondrial dynamics with consequent oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory state, cytokine production, and cell death. Furthermore, vitamin D deficiency seems to be associated with increased COVID-19 risk. In contrast, vitamin D can normalize mitochondrial dynamics, which would improve oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory state, and cytokine production. Furthermore, vitamin D reduces renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system activation and, consequently, decreases ROS generation and improves the prognosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Thus, the purpose of this review is to deepen the knowledge about the role of mitochondria and vitamin D directly involved in the regulation of oxidative stress and the inflammatory state in SARS-CoV-2 infection. As future prospects, evidence suggests enhancing the vitamin D levels of the world population, especially of those individuals with additional risk factors that predispose to the lethal consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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Section: Mitochondrial Dynamics: Role In Cell Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Viruses modify the intracellular number and distribution of mitochondria either to get energy for replication or to prevent the release of apoptosis mediators [10]. It has been reported that hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection produces mitochondrial fission and subsequent mitophagy.…”

Section: Mitochondrial Dynamics and Viral Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of Oxidative Stress and Potential Role of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in COVID-19: Therapeutic Effects of Vitamin D

et al. 2020

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“…All enveloped viruses must modulate cellular membrane systems throughout their lifecycles, from hijacking endosomes for entry and diverting cellular membrane compartments for replication, to taking over cellular secretion systems for viral egress and immune evasion (Welsch et al, 2007;Mercer et al, 2010;Glingston et al, 2019). As exclusively cytoplasmic replicating viruses, poxviruses, are no exception to this rule (Moss, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccinia virus hijacks ESCRT-mediated multivesicular body formation for virus egress

Huttunen

Yakimovich

White

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Unlike most enveloped viruses, poxvirus egress is a complex process whereby cytoplasmic single membrane-bound virions are wrapped in a cell-derived double membrane. These triple membrane-bound particles, termed intracellular enveloped virions (IEVs), are then released from infected cells by fusion. While the wrapping double membrane is thought to be derived from virus-modified trans-Golgi or early endosomal cisternae, the cellular factors that regulate virus wrapping remain largely undefined. To identify novel cell factors required for this process the prototypic poxvirus, vaccinia virus (VACV), was subjected to a high-throughput RNAi screen directed against cellular membrane trafficking proteins. Focusing on the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT), we demonstrate that ESCRT-III and VPS4 are required for packaging of virus into multivesicular bodies (MVBs). EM-based characterization of these MVB-IEVs showed that they account for half of IEV production indicating that MVBs serve as a second major source of VACV wrapping membrane. These data support a model whereby, in addition to cisternae-based wrapping, VACV hijacks ESCRT-mediated MVB formation to facilitate virus egress and spread.

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“…These changes to the intracellular environment arise as a consequence of the manipulation of a range of cellular functions and are intimately linked to key processes in the viral replication cycle such as virus assembly and egress [1][2][3]. However, there is relatively little understanding of the dynamics of morphological changes of infected cells and how they relate to distinct phases of the herpesvirus replication cycle [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal analysis of host cell modification during herpes simplex virus 1 replication

Scherer

Manton

Soh

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Herpesviruses are large and complex viruses, and have a long evolutionary history with their host species. One poorly understood, but important, area in virus-host interaction is the extensive remodelling of intracellular organelles and morphology that occurs during active viral replication. We have constructed a recombinant reporter virus that allowed us to classify four distinct stages in the infection cycle of herpes simplex virus 1. Single-cell analysis of the impact of the viral load on replication dynamics demonstrates the utility of this timestamping method for tracking the infection cycle. High-resolution microscopy analysis of cellular structures in live and fixed cells in concert with our dual-fluorescent reporter virus have enabled us to generate a detailed overview over the spatial and temporal organisation of the cytoskeleton and organelles during viral replication. This provides the first systems-level analysis of the morphological changes involved in viral replication.Scherer et al.2 / 24

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Organelle dynamics and viral infections: at cross roads

Cited by 56 publications

References 186 publications

Implications of Oxidative Stress and Potential Role of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in COVID-19: Therapeutic Effects of Vitamin D

Implications of Oxidative Stress and Potential Role of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in COVID-19: Therapeutic Effects of Vitamin D

Vaccinia virus hijacks ESCRT-mediated multivesicular body formation for virus egress

Spatiotemporal analysis of host cell modification during herpes simplex virus 1 replication

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