Organelles that illuminate the origins of Trichomonas hydrogenosomes and Giardia mitosomes

Leger, Michelle M.; Kolísko, Martin; Kamikawa, Ryoma; Stairs, Courtney W.; Kume, Keitaro; Čepička, Ivan; Silberman, Jeffrey D.; Andersson, Jan O.; Xu, Feifei; Yabuki, Akinori; Eme, Laura; Zhang, Qianqian; Takishita, Kiyotaka; Inagaki, Yuji; Simpson, Alastair G. B.; Hashimoto, Takeji; Roger, Andrew J.

doi:10.1038/s41559-017-0092

Cited by 108 publications

(211 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…(iv) The redundancy in the ATP-generating system allowed the secondary loss of substrate-level phosphorylation in the MRO prior to the separation of the D. brevis plus diplomonad clade. We here extend the scenario proposed by Leger et al (2017) by incorporating the data from Barthelona sp. strain PAP020 (See Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Leger et al (2017) proposed that the ancestral fornicate species possessed an MRO with a metabolic capacity similar to that of the hydrogenosomes in parabasalids like Trichomonas vaginalis . Thus, we surveyed the transcriptomic data from strain PAP020 for transcripts encoding hydrogenosomal/MRO proteins that are homologous to Trichomonas proteins localized in the hydrogenosome.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We subjected the two ACS sequences to a phylogenetic analysis along with the homologues sampled from diverse bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes (Fig S3). The PAP020 ACS2 sequence formed a clade with fornicate “ACS2” sequences, which Leger et al (2017) proposed to be cytosolic enzymes. Thus, we suggest that ACS2 is most likely a cytosolic enzyme in strain PAP020 as well.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Leger et al (2017) proposed a complex evolution of ATP-generating mechanisms in the Fornicata clade, as follows: (i) The ancestral fornicate species possessed both substrate-level phosphorylation in the MRO as well as ACS2 in the cytosol. (ii) Substrate-level phosphorylation has been inherited vertically to the extant fornicate species, except D. brevis and diplomonads (see below).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Barthelonids represent a deep-branching Metamonad clade with mitochondrion-related organelles generating no ATP

Yazaki

Kume

Shiratori

et al. 2019

Preprint

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23Running head: Phylogeny and putative MRO functions in a new metamonad clade. 25Abstract 28 We here report the phylogenetic position of barthelonids, small anaerobic flagellates 29 previously examined using light microscopy alone. Barthelona spp. were isolated from 30 geographically distinct regions and we established five laboratory strains. Transcriptomic data 31 generated from one Barthelona strain (PAP020) was used for large-scale, multi-gene 32 phylogenetic (phylogenomic) analyses. Our analyses robustly placed strain PAP020 at the 33 base of the Fornicata clade, indicating that barthelonids represent a deep-branching 34 Metamonad clade. Considering the anaerobic/microaerophilic nature of barthelonids and 35 preliminary electron microscopy observations on strain PAP020, we suspected that 36 barthelonids possess functionally and structurally reduced mitochondria (i.e. mitochondrion-37 related organelles or MROs). The metabolic pathways localized in the MRO of strain PAP020 38 were predicted based on its transcriptomic data and compared with those in the MROs of 39 fornicates. Strain PAP020 is most likely incapable of generating ATP in the MRO, as no 40 mitochondrial/MRO enzymes involved in substrate-level phosphorylation were detected. 41 Instead, we detected the putative cytosolic ATP-generating enzyme (acetyl-CoA synthetase), 42 suggesting that strain PAP020 depends on ATP generated in the cytosol. We propose two 43 separate losses of substrate-level phosphorylation from the MRO in the clade containing 44 barthelonids and (other) fornicates.45 46

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Barthelonids represent a deep-branching Metamonad clade with mitochondrion-related organelles generating no ATP

Yazaki

Kume

Shiratori

et al. 2019

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…tBlastX (Altschul et al 1997) was used to screen genes encoding oxidosqualene cyclase (OSC), squalene-tetrahymanol cyclase (STC), and squalene-hopene cyclase (SHC) in the transcriptome datasets of the anaerobic protists, B. motovehiculus (SRP081237 in Gawryluk et al 2016), K. bialata (SRP077666 in Leger et al 2017), C. marsupialis (DRX027417 in Noguchi et al 2015), and P. biforma (SRX246005 in Stairs et al 2014), by using the OSC sequence of Homo sapiens (GenBank accession number AAH35638), the STC sequence of Tetrahymena thermophila (GenBank accession number XM_001026696), and the SHC sequence of Thermosynechococcus elongatus (GenBank accession number WP_ 011058142) as queries, respectively. The deduced amino acid sequences of two copies of the STC gene from B. motovehiculus identified in this study were aligned with the triterpene cyclase protein family from various prokaryotic and eukaryotic species using MAFFT v7.164b (Katoh and Standley 2013).…”

Section: Phylogenetic Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Eukaryotes that Lack Sterols

Takishita

Chikaraishi

Tanifuji

et al. 2017

J Eukaryotic Microbiology

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It is widely held that sterols are key cyclic triterpenoid lipids in eukaryotic cell membranes and are synthesized through oxygen-dependent multienzyme pathways. However, there are known exceptions-ciliated protozoans, such as Tetrahymena, along with diverse low-oxygen-adapted eukaryotes produce, instead of sterols, the cyclic triterpenoid lipid tetrahymanol that does not require molecular oxygen for its biosynthesis. Here, we report that a number of anaerobic microbial eukaryotes (protists) utilize neither sterols nor tetrahymanol in their membranes. The lack of detectable sterol-like compounds in their membranes may provide an opportunity to reconsider the physiological function of sterols and sterol-like lipids in eukaryotes.

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Mechanisms of Resistance to Antiparasitic Agents

Bradbury,

Talundzic

2023

ClinMicroNow

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Parasitic diseases rank among the most prevalent and severe diseases worldwide. The danger of depending on drugs as one of the primary tools for control is compounded by the relatively limited number of antiparasitic agents available. The complex biologic interactions between parasites and their hosts (and, at times, their vectors) significantly influence the emergence and expression of drug resistance. The development of resistance to all antimalarial drugs poses the greatest challenge for malaria control and prevention globally. Praziquantel is the only drug currently being used for treatment of schistosomiasis. The widespread use of albendazole, mebendazole, levamisole, and pyrantel in preventive chemotherapy programs to control soil‐transmitted helminth infections has raised concerns regarding the potential for the development of resistance in this group of intestinal nematodes. Public health interventions to correct these factors have not always been successful and would benefit from a better understanding of the drug resistance mechanisms used by parasites.

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Organelles that illuminate the origins of Trichomonas hydrogenosomes and Giardia mitosomes

Cited by 108 publications

References 51 publications

Barthelonids represent a deep-branching Metamonad clade with mitochondrion-related organelles generating no ATP

Barthelonids represent a deep-branching Metamonad clade with mitochondrion-related organelles generating no ATP

Microbial Eukaryotes that Lack Sterols

Mechanisms of Resistance to Antiparasitic Agents

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