Organic-Acid-Mediated Luminescent Supramolecular Tb(III)-metallogel Applied in an Efficient Photosensitive Electronic Device with Excellent Charge Transport Properties

Abstract

An intriguing functional supramolecular Tb(III)-metallogel (Tb-OX) is derived through the sonication of terbium(III) chloride hexahydrate and oxalic acid dihydrate in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent under ambient conditions. A rheological investigation proves the mechanical stability of the supramolecular Tb-OX metallogel. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) microstructural analysis unveils the rocklike morphological pattern of the Tb-OX metallogel having a supramolecular network. Metallogel synthesis, crystallinity, and thermal behavior of Tb-OX are evaluated with the help of IR spectroscopic investigations, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Exhaustive investigations and analyses of the optical and electrical parameters of Tb-OX establish the semiconducting properties of the Tb-OX metallogel. Based on its conducting properties, the Tb(III)metallogel is successfully applied to a metal−semiconductor junction-based photosensitive Schottky barrier diode device with excellent charge transport properties.

A multistimulus-responsive self-healable supramolecular copper(ii)-metallogel derived from l-(+) tartaric acid: an efficient Schottky barrier diode

“…Water and diverse organic solvents such as alcohols ( i.e. , ethanol, 21 methanol 22 ), dimethyl sulfoxide, 23 acetonitrile, 24 dimethylformamide, 25 dichloromethane, 26 deuterated dichloromethane, 27 carbon tetrachloride, 28 acetone, 29 1,2-dichlorobenzene, 30 tetrahydrofuran, 31 and toluene 32 are effective in self-assembly with LMWGs to form supramolecular gel networks. Nowadays, metallogels are a rising class in the supramolecular chemistry field.…”

“…Supramolecular metallogels are renowned for their limitless applications in conducting, 33 redox, 34 catalytic property, 35–37 sensing, 38,39 proton conductivity, 40,41 magnetism, 26,42 nanoparticle templating, 43 etc. Till now, countless metallogels have been synthesized using different transition metal ions including Co( ii ), 44–46 Ni( ii ), 47,48 Cu( ii ), 47,48 Cd( ii ), 49,50 Fe( ii / iii ), 51–53 Zn( ii ), 48,54 and Mn( ii ) 25 for different application purposes. 2,55 Copper based metallogels have numerous applications like redox activity, 56 proton conductivity, 57 self-healing property, 58,59 catalysis, 60 superconductor, 61 and harmful organophosphate sensing.…”

Protein-Based Self-Healing Cu(II)-Metallohydrogels: Efficient Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Materials in Terms of an Intensity-Dependent Refractive Index and Two-Photon Absorption

“…The values of the optical nonlinear absorption coefficients (β eff ) at intensity 283 GW/cm 2 of the metallohydrogels BSA@CuA and BSA@CuCl are (0.0662 ± 0.0002) cm/GW and (0.0540 ± 0.0001) cm/GW, respectively, which indicates that BSA@CuA is showing higher nonlinear absorption than BSA@CuCl. Because UV–visible absorption spectra (see Figure S8 in the Supporting Information) show that the absorption is maximum at ∼ 275 nm for BSA-CuA and ∼290 nm for BSA-CuCl, following the literature − and by analysis of UV–Vis absorption data, the optical band gap for BSA-CuA and BSA-CuCl is calculated. The calculated optical band gap of BSA-CuA and BSA-CuCl is ∼2.37 and ∼2.82 eV, respectively.…”

A croconate-directed supramolecular self-healable Cd(ii)-metallogel with dispersed 2D-nanosheets of hexagonal boron nitride: a comparative outcome of the charge-transport phenomena and non-linear rectifying behaviour of semiconducting diodes

“…In real-world applications, there is a large number of supramolecular scaffolds for potential applications, covering biosystems, like cellular encapsulation, 6 tissue engineering, 7 drug delivery, 8 biomedical applications, 9 to technical uses, including oil recovery, 10 sensors, 11 electro-optics/photonics, 12 optical non-linearity, 13 cosmetics, 14 structure-directing agents, 15 catalysis, 16 electrochemical applications, 17 photolithography, 18 power source, 19 and electronic devices. 20–25…”

“…In real-world applications, there is a large number of supramolecular scaffolds for potential applications, covering biosystems, like cellular encapsulation, 6 tissue engineering, 7 drug delivery, 8 biomedical applications, 9 to technical uses, including oil recovery, 10 sensors, 11 electro-optics/photonics, 12 optical non-linearity, 13 cosmetics, 14 structure-directing agents, 15 catalysis, 16 electrochemical applications, 17 photolithography, 18 power source, 19 and electronic devices. [20][21][22][23][24][25] The role of metal ions in the different functionalities of versatile metal-organic materials is well-known in science. 26,27 The fabrication of supramolecular metallogels, as a special class of soft multi-functional scaffolds, 28 is directed by the presence of diverse metal ions.…”