Organic acids in diets for entire male pigs: Effect on skatole level, microbiota in digesta, and growth performance

Øverland, Margareth; Kjos, Nils Petter; Borg, M. R.; Skjerve, Eystein; Sørum, Henning

doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2007.07.007

Cited by 61 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Several studies documented an improvement in growth efficiency have been reported in the literature (Knarreborg et al, 2002;Franco et al, 2005;Overland et al, 2008;Missotten et al, 2009).…”

Section: Organic Acidsmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters in prevention of diarrhoea in weaned piglets: a review

Vondruskova¹,

Slamova²,

Trčková³

et al. 2010

Vet. Med.

165

155

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ABSTRACT:The weaning time is a crucial period in the management of piglets. The risk of development of post-weaning diarrhoea (PWD) in piglets is high. PWD is the cause of serious economic losses in pig herds. Since 2006, the use of antibiotic growth promoters for prevention of diarrhoeal diseases in piglets has been banned. This measure also led to the investigation of alternative suitable feed supplements that would be reasonably efficient in protecting and sustaining animal health and performance. Various natural materials such as probiotics, prebiotics, organic acids, zinc and plant extracts have been tested as effective alternatives to antibiotics. Recently, owing to their high adsorption capacity, research efforts have been conducted on the application of natural clays and clay-based feed supplements. The purpose of this review is to summarize the effect of different alternative components as growth promoters on the health and performance of weaned and growing piglets.Keywords: infection; swine; antibiotics; intestinal microflora; performance; probiotics; prebiotics, organic acids; zinc; phytobiotics; aluminosilicate List of abbreviations CFU = colony-forming unit; ETEC = enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli; MMT = montmorillonite; PWD = post weaning diarrhoea; SCFA = short chain fatty acids; VFA = volatile fatty acids Review ArticleVeterinarni Medicina, 55, 2010 (5): 199-224 200 ruses (Moller et al., 1998;Song et al., 2006), transmissive gastroenteritis virus (Hampson et al., 1987; Alexa et al., 1995 Alexa et al., , 2001 Chae et al., 2000;Madec et al., 2000;Melin et al., 2004;Song et al., 2006;Thomsson et al., 2008) and others have been most frequently diagnosed.Early-weaned piglets are exposed to several stress factors, with nutrition, etiology and indoor environment of housing being particularly implicated (Madec et al., 2000;Laine et al., 2008). Noninfectious stress factors which are involved in the development of gastroenteric disorders are: -age of piglets when they are weaned from their dam (Svensmark et al., 1989;Skirrow et al., 1997), -sudden change of feed from sow milk that provides piglets with immunoglobulins (Bailey et al., 1992), -irregular feed intake (Bark et al., 1986;Spencer and Howell, 1989;Svensmark et al., 1989;Madec et al., 1998;Laine et al., 2008), -feed structure (Amezcua et al., 2002), -animal hygiene and housing conditions (Le Dividich, 1981;Le Dividich and Herpin, 1994;Madec et al., 1998), -inadequate feeder space per piglet in the pen (Amezcua et al., 2002). Numerous changes in the early-weaned piglet body can initiate PWD, such as morphological (Hampson, 1986) and functional alterations of the small intestine (Kidder and Manners, 1980; Hampson and Kidder, 1986), changes in intestinal colonization with predominance of E. coli (Melin et al., 1997;Katouli et al., 1999) and weakening of the immune system (Blecha et al., 1983;Wattrang et al., 1998). Ban of antibiotic growth promotersRegarding the fact that weaning greatly affects general health condition of piglets, it is nece...

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“…Several studies documented an improvement in growth efficiency have been reported in the literature (Knarreborg et al, 2002;Franco et al, 2005;Overland et al, 2008;Missotten et al, 2009).…”

Section: Organic Acidsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Antibacterial and antifungal effects are elicited by a decrease in the feed pH (Eidelsburger et al, 1992;Castro 2005), which contributes to feed preservation. Acids in powder form are most suitable for preservation of feeds (Overland et al, 2008).…”

Section: Organic Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters in prevention of diarrhoea in weaned piglets: a review

Vondruskova¹,

Slamova²,

Trčková³

et al. 2010

Vet. Med.

165

155

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In agreement with our findings, some researchers have shown positive effects with single or blends of dietary acidifiers. For example, Overland et al (2008) reported that supplementation with a single acidifier such as formic acid or sorbic acid improved growth rate and feed efficiency. Likewise, Walsh et al (2007) demonstrated that the addition of 0.4% organic acid blends, such as fumaric, lactic, propionic, citric, and benzoic acids, improved growth performance.…”

Section: Effects Of Protected Organic Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of protected organic acid blends and diets with different nutrient densities on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and faecal noxious gas emission in growing pigs

Upadhaya¹,

Lee²,

Kim³

2014

Vet. Med. - Czech

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ABSTRACT:This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of protected organic acid blends including medium chain fatty acids and different nutrient density diets on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and faecal noxious gas content in growing pigs. A total of 80 crossed [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc] growing pigs with an initial body weight (BW) of 22.61 ± 2.32 kg were used in a six-week trial. Pigs were randomly allocated into one of four treatment groups in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with two levels of nutrient density (high and low) and protected organic acid (0% and 0.1%) according to their sex and BW (five replicates with two gilts and two barrows per pen). Pigs fed high nutrient density diets had increased (P < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG0 and gain: feed (G : F) than those fed low nutrient density diets. Likewise, pigs fed protected organic acid diets exhibited increased (P < 0.05) ADG compared with pigs fed no additional protected organic acids. An interactive effect (P = 0.03) between organic acid and nutrient density was observed on feed conversion by pigs. Dry matter (DM) digestibility tended to improve (P = 0.08) in pigs fed high nutrient density diets compared with low nutrient density diets. However, nitrogen (N) and energy (E) digestibility was not influenced by the nutrient density. Likewise, protected organic acid supplementation did not influence (P > 0.05) DM, N or E digestibility. Organic acid supplementation reduced (P < 0.05) H 2 S content from faeces on Day 1, Day 3, Day 5 and Day 7 of incubation. Low nutrient density diets led to a reduction (P < 0.05) in H 2 S gas content on Day 1 of incubation. No interactive effect on faecal noxious gas content was observed between nutrient density and organic acid. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of protected organic acids with a high nutrient diet improved growth performance and reduced H 2 S acid emission.Keywords: digestibility; growing pig; growth performance; microflora; protected organic acid List of abbreviations ADG = average daily gain, ADFI = average daily feed intake, BW = body weight, DM = dry matter, E = energy, G : F = feed efficiency, H 2 S = hydrogen sulphide, MCFA = medium chain fatty acid, N = nitrogen

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“…In some countries, organic acids are used to decontaminate microorganisms in feed ingredients (Koyuncu et al, 2013). According to Overland et al (2008), dietary inclusions of organic acids have positive effects in improving growth rate and feed efficiency. A combination of organic acids would enhance the effectiveness of acidification and maintains optimum pH (Ravindran and Kornegay, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the effect of dietary protected organic acid blend on lactating sows and their piglets

2016

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-The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of blends of dietary protected organic acid supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, faecal microflora, and gas emission on sows and piglets with emphasis on their modes of action to improve pig performance. A total of 12 sows with an average initial body weight (BW) of 252.40±11.7 kg were used in this trial. Growth performance, blood profiles, and nutrient digestibility of sows and piglets fed protected organic acid were evaluated. The dietary treatments included a basal diet (CON); CON + 0.1% protected organic acid; and CON + 0.2% protected organic acid. The BW and back fat of sows was checked four days prior to farrowing and at the weaning day to calculate BW loss and back fat loss during that period. Inclusion of 0.2% protected organic acid provided a greater digestibility than CON diets throughout the experimental period in lactating sows. Dietary supplementation with 0.2% protected organic acid led to a higher white blood cell and lymphocyte concentration than CON treatment in sucking piglets. Immunoglobulin G concentration observed was greater in protected organic acid groups in lactating sow and sucking piglets. Increased faecal Lactobacillus counts with decreased E. coli concentrations were observed with the diets of protected organic acid fed to lactating sows. The E. coli counts were decreased in weaning piglets. The faecal H 2 S contents were decreased in 0.2% protected organic acid diets during farrowing on day 1. Dietary supplementation with protected organic acid blends beneficially affects the nutrient digestibility, ileal noxious gas (NH 3 and H 2 S) emission, as well as intestinal microbial balance in lactating sows.

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Organic acids in diets for entire male pigs: Effect on skatole level, microbiota in digesta, and growth performance

Cited by 61 publications

References 32 publications

Alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters in prevention of diarrhoea in weaned piglets: a review

Alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters in prevention of diarrhoea in weaned piglets: a review

Influence of protected organic acid blends and diets with different nutrient densities on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and faecal noxious gas emission in growing pigs

Analysis of the effect of dietary protected organic acid blend on lactating sows and their piglets

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