Organic aerosols and inorganic species from post-harvest agricultural-waste burning emissions over northern India: impact on mass absorption efficiency of elemental carbon

Rajput, Prashant; Sarin, M.M.; Sharma, Deepti; Singh, Darshan

doi:10.1039/c4em00307a

Cited by 47 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…9b). During the paddy residue burning emission in IGP, a previous study has reported average NH 4 + -to-SO 4 2− equivalent ratio of 1.3 and NO 3 − /SO 4 2− mass ratio of 0.61 (Rajput et al 2014c). The average NO 3 − /SO 4 2− mass ratio < 1 can be attributed to predominant impact from stationary source/s (biomass burning, coal combustion and industrial emission), whereas the NO 3 − /SO 4 2− mass ratio ≥ 1 indicates predominant impact from mobile source (vehicular emissions) (Wu et al 2017).…”

Section: Inferences From Anthropogenic Inorganic Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, several aerosol punches (n = 15) were de-carbonated in HCl fumes for assessing the peak positioning and quantifying the content of carbonate carbon (CC) in the sample (Cachier et al 1989). Area under the CC peak in thermograph was integrated manually and corrected for OC concentrations in aerosols as reported in an earlier publication (Rajput et al 2014c). Filter-based blank concentrations of OC (3.6 ± 0.6 μg/cm 2 ; n = 6) has been determined and the average value was subtracted from the measured concentration in aerosol samples, after normalizing to the full-filter area.…”

Section: Determination Of Aerosol Mass and Ec-oc Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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OM/OC Ratio of Polar and Non-Polar Organic Matter during Wintertime from Indo-Gangetic Plain: Implications to Regional-Scale Radiative Forcing

Rajput

2018

Aerosol Sci Eng

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Ambient PM 2.5 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm) samples have been collected in two winter campaigns: I during 2nd December 2008-27th February 2009 and II during 3rd December 2010-11th February 2011 (n = 15). The PM 2.5 mass varied significantly from 35 to 220 and 80 to 244 μg m −3 during I and II campaigns, respectively. Based on similar inter-annual variability (statistical two-tailed t test) of PM 2.5 , K + /PM 2.5 (0.010), EC/PM 2.5 (0.04) and OC/ EC (~ 6) ratio, it has been inferred that the strength of combustion sources, viz. biomass burning and fossil fuel combustion remained more or the less constant during I and II campaigns (OC: organic carbon; EC: elemental carbon). However, significant difference in OC/PM 2.5 and WSOC/OC ratios between I and II campaigns indicated a significant change in organic aerosol composition attributable to fog processing vis-à-vis fog scavenging (WSOC: water-soluble organic carbon). The OM/OC (organic mass-to-organic carbon) ratio of polar and non-polar organics averaging at 2.0 and ~ 1.2 (and the overall OM/OC ratio at 1.7) look quite similar during both the campaigns. Principal component analysis (PCA) resolved total source contribution up to 81.4% of which ~ 64% was attributed to mixed contribution from biomass burning emission and secondary transformations, 25% of the resolved source fraction to fossil fuel combustion and 11% of the resolved source fraction to the mineral dust. These results have implications to better parameterization of organic aerosols in chemical transport model and accurate estimation of their influence on regional-scale radiative forcing.

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Section: Inferences From Anthropogenic Inorganic Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Determination Of Aerosol Mass and Ec-oc Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

OM/OC Ratio of Polar and Non-Polar Organic Matter during Wintertime from Indo-Gangetic Plain: Implications to Regional-Scale Radiative Forcing

Rajput

2018

Aerosol Sci Eng

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“…Previous studies have made attempts to highlight the source regions of large-scale biomass burning emissions in upwind IGP (Rengarajan et al, 2007;Rajput et al, 2011Rajput et al, , 2014c. Temporal variability and emission budget from upwind IGP further suggests that biomass (post-harvest agriculturalwaste and bio-fuels) burning emission is a predominant source of fine-mode aerosols on an annual and seasonal basis (Rajput et al, 2014a(Rajput et al, , 2014bRastogi et al, 2014;Singh et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical characterisation and source apportionment of PM<sub>1</sub> during massive loading at an urban location in Indo-Gangetic Plain: impact of local sources and long-range transport

Rajput¹,

Mandaria²,

Kachawa³

et al. 2016

Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology

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A B S T R A C TThis study assesses temporal variability and source contributions of PM 1 (particles with aerodynamic diameter 5 1.0 mm) samples (n051; November 2009ÁFebruary 2010) from an urban location at Kanpur (26.308N; 80.138E; 142 m above mean sea-level) in the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP). A study period from November to February is preferred owing to massive loading of particulate matter in entire IGP. PM 1 varies from 18 to 348 (Avg9SD: 113972) mg m (3 in this study. A total of 11 trace metals, five major elements and four water-soluble inorganic species (WSIS) have been measured. Mass fraction of total metals (ametals 0 tratrace ' major) centres at 18914 %, of which nearly 15 % is contributed by major elements. Furthermore, aWSIS contributes about 26 % to PM 1 mass concentration. Abundance pattern among assessed WSIS in this study follows the order: NH 4 ' :SO 4 2 ( ! NO 3 ( ! Cl ( . The K-to-PM 1 mass fraction (Avg: 2 %) in conjunction with air-mass back trajectories (AMBT) indicates that the prevailing north-westerly winds transport biomass burning derived pollutants from upwind IGP. A recent version of positive matrix factorisation (PMF 5.0) has been utilised to quantify the contribution of fine-mode aerosols from various sources. The contribution from each source is highly variable and shows a strong dependence on AMBT. Events with predominant contribution from biomass burning emission ( !70 %) indicate origin of air-masses from source region upwind in IGP. One of the most interesting features of our study relates to the observation that secondary aerosols (contributing as high as Â60 % to PM 1 loading) are predominantly derived from stationary combustion sources (NO 3 ( /SO 4 2 ( ratio: 0.3090.23). Thus, our study highlights a high concentration of PM 1 loading and atmospheric fog prevalent during wintertime can have a severe impact on atmospheric chemistry in the air-shed of IGP.

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“…In addition, higher concentrations of levoglucosan and other biomarkers were present in emissions from this source, although no unique marker species were identified among those reported in Table 3. These data expand both the number and chemical detail of prior emissions 5 measurements of agricultural fires in the IGP (Rajput et al, 2014a;Rajput et al, 2014b;Singh et al, 2014).…”

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confidence: 99%

Nepal Ambient Monitoring and Source Testing Experiment (NAMaSTE): Emissions of particulate matter from wood and dung cooking fires, garbage and crop residue burning, brick kilns, and other sources

Stockwell¹,

Bhave²,

Praveen³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Abstract.The Nepal Ambient Monitoring and Source Testing Experiment (NAMaSTE) characterized widespread and 20 under-sampled combustion sources common to South Asia, including brick kilns, garbage burning, diesel and gasoline generators, diesel groundwater pumps, idling motorcycles, traditional and modern cooking stoves and fires, crop residue burning, and a heating fire. Fuel-based emission factors (EF; with units of pollutant mass emitted per kg of fuel combusted) were determined for fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ), organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), inorganic ions, trace metals, and organic species. For the forced draught zig-zag brick 25 kiln, EF PM2.5 ranged 12-19 g kg -1 with major contributions from OC (7%), sulfate expected to be in the form of sulfuric acid (31.9%), and other chemicals not measured (e.g., particle bound water). For the clamp kiln, EF PM2.5 ranged 8-13 g kg -1 , with major contributions from OC (63.2%), sulfate (20.8%), and ammonium (14.2%). Our brick kiln EF PM2.5 values may exceed those previously reported, partly because we sampled emissions at ambient temperature after emission from the stack or kiln allowing some particle-phase OC and sulfate to form from 30 gaseous precursors. The combustion of mixed household garbage under dry conditions had an EF PM2.5 of 7.4 ± 1.2 g kg -1 , whereas damp conditions generated the highest EF PM2.5 of all combustion sources in this study, reaching up to 125 ± 23 g kg -1 . Garbage burning emissions contained relatively high concentrations of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAHs), triphenylbenzene, and heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Sb), making these useful markers of this source. A variety of cooking stoves and fires fueled with dung, hardwood, twigs, and/or other biofuels were ), while biogas had no detectable PM emissions. Idling motorcycle emissions were evaluated before and after routine servicing at a local shop, which decreased EF PM2.5 from 8.8 ± 1.3 g kg -1 to 0.71 ± 0.45 g kg -1 when averaged across five motorcycles. Organic species analysis indicated that this reduction in PM 2.5 was largely due to a decrease in emission of motor oil, probably from the crankcase. The EF and chemical emissions profiles developed in this 10 study may be used for source apportionment and to update regional emission inventories.

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Organic aerosols and inorganic species from post-harvest agricultural-waste burning emissions over northern India: impact on mass absorption efficiency of elemental carbon

Cited by 47 publications

References 58 publications

OM/OC Ratio of Polar and Non-Polar Organic Matter during Wintertime from Indo-Gangetic Plain: Implications to Regional-Scale Radiative Forcing

OM/OC Ratio of Polar and Non-Polar Organic Matter during Wintertime from Indo-Gangetic Plain: Implications to Regional-Scale Radiative Forcing

Chemical characterisation and source apportionment of PM<sub>1</sub> during massive loading at an urban location in Indo-Gangetic Plain: impact of local sources and long-range transport

Nepal Ambient Monitoring and Source Testing Experiment (NAMaSTE): Emissions of particulate matter from wood and dung cooking fires, garbage and crop residue burning, brick kilns, and other sources

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