Organic Ambipolar Conjugated Molecules for Electronics: Synthesis and Structure–Property Relationships

Abstract

The field of organic electronics has been developed vastly in the past two decades, and the performance and lifetime of these devices are critically dependent on the materials development, device design, deposition processes, and modeling, among which the active materials of organic semiconductor play a crucial role. The unique properties of organic semiconductor are largely based on the versatility to synthesize multifunctional organic conjugated materials by judicious molecular design. To effectively adjust the optoelectronic properties, especially energy levels, of organic semiconductor, the scientists have presented a synthesis methodology of organic ambipolar conjugated molecules, in which typical p-dope type and n-dope type segments are incorporated into one molecule. The present review summarizes the progress on organic ambipolar conjugated molecules for electronics in the past few years. Some issues to be addressed are also highlighted and discussed.

N‐Substituted Azacalixphyrins: Synthesis, Properties, and Self‐Assembly

“…[4][5][6][7][8][9] By analogy,t he newlyd esigned azacalixphyrin 1 appears to be the prime membero fafamily of extremely promising,b ut almost completely unexplored macrocycles. [12] In this context, the presence of peripheral nitrogen atoms on 1 should allow the possible introductiono fs tructurald iversity,w hich, in turn, could have an impact on the physicochemical properties of the macrocycle and its behavior (solubility,geometry,s elf-assembly). [12] In this context, the presence of peripheral nitrogen atoms on 1 should allow the possible introductiono fs tructurald iversity,w hich, in turn, could have an impact on the physicochemical properties of the macrocycle and its behavior (solubility,geometry,s elf-assembly).…”

“…[1] It is noteworthyt hat 1, which lacks substituents, suffers from very low solubility,w hich impedes straightforward experimental studies.T his limitation parallels the case of porphine in the history of porphyrins [10,11] and underlines the interest in developing access to substituted azacalixphyrins 3,s ubsequently paving the way to applications in several major sectors. [12] In this context, the presence of peripheral nitrogen atoms on 1 should allow the possible introductiono fs tructurald iversity,w hich, in turn, could have an impact on the physicochemical properties of the macrocycle and its behavior (solubility,geometry,s elf-assembly).…”

Effective adjustment of the optoelectronic properties of organic conjugated materials by synthesizing p-n diblock molecules

“…The p-n diblock molecular design concept developed by Huang et al has produced several series of conjugated polymers and oligomers, whose HOMO and LUMO energy levels, emissive wavelength, and other optoelectronic properties can be tuned in a wide range, which exhibit improved PL and EL properties. However, in addition to stringent prerequisites in terms of optical and CT properties, π-conjugated molecules designed as active materials for electronic and photonic devices must combine processability and high environmental and photochemical stability, which is an area p-n diblock molecules are still weak [97][98][99]. Once the above problems are completely resolved, all solid-state OLED devices may fulfill their promise of great utility for people everywhere in the near future.…”

Comprehensive UV–Vis and EPR spectroelectrochemical characterization of ambipolar azomethinenaphthaldiimides

“…Replacement of conventional inorganic semiconductor materials such as silicon or gallium arsenide with organic materials reduces the weight and cost of the device, at the same time allowing for the devices to be flexible [17,18]. Additionally, organic semiconductors offer a number of other benefits due to their very interesting optical and electrical properties [19,20]. According to the kind of charge carries which organic compounds are able to transport, organic semiconductors are classified as p-type (hole transporting) or n-type (electron transporting) materials [21].…”