Organic Carbon Chemistry in Soils Observed by Synchrotron-Based Spectroscopy

Lehmann, Johannes; Solomon, Daniel

doi:10.1016/s0166-2481(10)34010-4

Cited by 55 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 118 publications

(191 reference statements)

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“…A smaller signal at ca. 1700 cm À1 corresponds to C@O stretching of carboxyl, quinone, amide, ketone, ester or aldehyde (Lehmann and Solomon, 2010). The peak seemed to decrease gradually from forest charcoal to charcoal with the longest cultivation time, like another weak signal at ca.…”

Section: Ftirmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Spectra were normalized on the basis of maximal deviation. Attribution of organic and inorganic components to bands was based on Lehmann and Solomon (2010) and Biester et al (2014).…”

Section: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (Ftir)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mean (n = 3) FTIR spectra of charcoal, for each time step of cultivation. Attribution of organic and inorganic components to peaks is based on Lehmann and Solomon (2010); pH value under each curve corresponds to mean pH of soil from which charcoal was extracted. ranged from 360 to 416°C, that of peak 2 from 418 to 430°C and that of peak 3 from 493 to 519°C.…”

Section: Dscmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long term change in chemical properties of preindustrial charcoal particles aged in forest and agricultural temperate soil

Hardy

Leifeld

Knicker

et al. 2017

Organic Geochemistry

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Keywords:Preindustrial charcoal kiln Land-use change Biochar X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance ( 13 C NMR) Dichromate oxidation a b s t r a c t Black carbon (BC) plays an important role in terrestrial carbon storage. Nevertheless, the effect of cultivation on long term dynamics of BC in soil has been poorly addressed. To fill this gap, we studied the chemical properties of charcoal particles extracted from preindustrial kilns in Wallonia, Belgium, along a chronosequence of land use change from forest to agricultural soil, up to 200 years of cultivation. Preindustrial charcoal samples were compared with charcoal subjected to short term ageing in a currently active kiln.Cultivation increased the association of charcoal with soil minerals, which is favored by deprotonation of carboxylic acids under liming, thereby enhancing the reactivity of charcoal toward mineral surfaces. The large specific surface area of charcoal, related to its porosity, promotes the precipitation of 2:1 phyllosilicates and CaCO 3 . Both ageing and cultivation decreased the resistance of charcoal to dichromate oxidation, related to an increase in the H/C of charcoal. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed the presence of three fractions of distinct thermal stability. Saturation of carboxylate groups with Ca 2+ under liming decreased the thermal stability of the O-rich, less thermally stable fraction of charcoal. This fraction decreased over time of cultivation, leading to a relative accumulation of the thermally most stable fraction of charcoal. This might result from the preferential loss of the O-rich fraction or the slowdown of charcoal from oxidation via association with minerals. Our results highlight the idea that land use significantly affects the properties of BC through the modification of soil conditions, which might influence the kinetics of BC loss from soil.

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Section: Ftirmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Spectra were normalized on the basis of maximal deviation. Attribution of organic and inorganic components to bands was based on Lehmann and Solomon (2010) and Biester et al (2014).…”

Section: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (Ftir)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dscmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long term change in chemical properties of preindustrial charcoal particles aged in forest and agricultural temperate soil

Hardy

Leifeld

Knicker

et al. 2017

Organic Geochemistry

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“…The chemical complexity of SOM, the heterogeneity of its distribution and the variations in size and decomposition rate create significant analytical problems and partly explain the current deficiency in our understanding of SOM chemistry and dynamics (Lehmann et al 2010). Spectroscopic techniques are powerful tools in environmental research and a growing field of research (Schulp et al 2008;Scheckel et al 2010).…”

Section: Methodological Approaches To Characterize Aluminum-organic Imentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Aluminum-Organo Complexes in Soil Organic Matter Dynamics

Hernandez‐Soriano¹

2012

Soil Health and Land Use Management

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“…see Schmidt et al, 2011;Churchman and Lowe, 2012). Synchrotron radiation has been developed for several decades for studying materials (Sutton et al, 2006) including the chemical composition of soil components such as 'resistant' C (Wan et al, 2007;Lehmann and Solomon, 2010). It allows the analysis of C at low concentrations and within bulk soil samples.…”

Section: Application Of Synchrotron Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Storage and DNA Adsorption in Allophanic Soils and Paleosols

et al. 2014

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Andisols and andic paleosols dominated by the nanocrystalline mineral allophane sequester large amounts of carbon (C), attributable mainly to its chemical bonding with charged hydroxyl groups on the surface of allophane together with its physical protection in nanopores within and between allophane nanoaggregates. C near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectra for a New Zealand Andisol (Tirau series) showed that the organic matter (OM) mainly comprises quinonic, aromatic, aliphatic, and carboxylic C. In different buried horizons from several other Andisols, C contents varied but the C species were similar, attributable to pedogenic processes operating during developmental upbuilding, downward leaching, or both. The presence of OM in natural allophanic soils weakened the adsorption of DNA on clay; an adsorption isotherm experiment involving humic acid (HA) showed that HA-free synthetic allophane adsorbed seven times more DNA than HA-rich synthetic allophane. Phosphorus X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectra for salmonsperm DNA and DNA-clay complexes indicated that DNA was bound to the allophane clay through the phosphate group, but it is not clear if DNA was chemically bound to the surface of the allophane or to OM, or both. We plan more experiments to investigate interactions among DNA, allophane (natural and synthetic), and OM. Because DNA shows a high affinity to allophane, we are studying the potential to reconstruct late Quaternary palaeoenvironments by attempting to extract and characterise ancient DNA from allophanic paleosols.

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Organic Carbon Chemistry in Soils Observed by Synchrotron-Based Spectroscopy

Cited by 55 publications

References 118 publications

Long term change in chemical properties of preindustrial charcoal particles aged in forest and agricultural temperate soil

Long term change in chemical properties of preindustrial charcoal particles aged in forest and agricultural temperate soil

The Role of Aluminum-Organo Complexes in Soil Organic Matter Dynamics

Carbon Storage and DNA Adsorption in Allophanic Soils and Paleosols

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