Organic carbon stocks in New Zealand's terrestrial ecosystems

Tate, K. R.; Giltrap, Donna; Claydon, J. J.; Newsome, P. F.; Atkinson, I. A. E.; Taylor, Mykel R.; Lee, R.

doi:10.1080/03014223.1997.9517541

Cited by 82 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This is again consistent with published reports; Tate et al (1997Tate et al ( , 2005 noted rapid accumulation of soil C after conversion from native vegetation to pastures and that a new steady-state was reached after 20 years, after which C changes only slowly. However, the rates of accumulation in our study were slower than some previously reported.…”

Section: Rates Of C and N Accumulationsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001 all three sites, despite the different starting values (4.7-9.3 kg C m -1 ) immediately before conversion. The final amounts (to 60 cm depth) are reasonably close to the soil carbon stock reported by Tate et al (1997) for pumice soils of 8.3 kg C m -1 to 0.25 m and 13.2 kg C m -1 to 1 m depth. Our data are similar to those of Hewitt et al (2012), who reported that a Taupo Pumice Soil contained 3.27 and 6.69 kg C m -1 , respectively, for matched, mature (pre-1990) forest and pasture sites sampled to 30 cm depth.…”

Section: Total C and N In The Soil Profilesupporting

confidence: 61%

“…The amounts of C and N stored in soils are affected by land use and management (Conant et al 2001;Schipper et al 2007;Poeplau et al 2011;Hewitt et al 2012), and for soils with initially low contents of C and N, there is the potential that under appropriate management, soils could accumulate C and N and reduce net emissions to the atmosphere (Paustian et al 1997;Lal 2001). In a global context, New Zealand topsoils are generally high in organic matter because of the underlying geology, maritime climate, the limited amount of arable farming, and extensive permanent pastures, combined with plantation forestry and considerable residual indigenous forest (Tate et al 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in soil total C and N contents at three chronosequences after conversion from plantation pine forest to dairy pasture on a New Zealand Pumice soil

et al. 2014

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Abstract. The large amounts of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) sequestered as organic matter in soils have implications for global and national C and N balances and greenhouse gas emissions. Changes in soil management can affect the amount of C and N stored in soil. We investigated the change in land use from radiata pine plantation to ryegrass-white clover dairy pasture on the total C and N content of Taupo Pumice Soil. Samples were taken at three study sites (Atiamuri, Tokoroa and Wairakei) in North Island, New Zealand. Soils were cored to 60 cm depth and subsampled by soil horizon, and bulk density cores were taken from soil pits. A chronosequence of sites was obtained after conversion from pines to pasture. Long-term pastures (40-80 years) and mature pine plantations were included for further comparison. Regression analyses were completed after logarithmic transformation of the time data. The data were highly variable, but significant (P < 0.05) increases in total C and N were found at the Atiamuri and Wairakei sites. However, there was no significant change in the total C content of the profile at the Tokoroa site. Increases in total C and N were greatest in the Ap horizon and were most rapid 1-5 years after conversion. Overall rates of increase in the first 10 years after conversion were 0.167 kg C m -2 year -1 for total C and 0.032 kg N m -2 year -1 for total N, dropping to 0.027 kg C and 0.005 kg N m -2 year -1 for the 10-50-year period. The change in land use from plantation forest to dairy pasture has resulted in a moderate increase or no change in soil storage of C. Compared with total C, increases in total N storage were proportionately greater in all three examples of this Taupo Pumice Soil.

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Section: Rates Of C and N Accumulationsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Total C and N In The Soil Profilesupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in soil total C and N contents at three chronosequences after conversion from plantation pine forest to dairy pasture on a New Zealand Pumice soil

et al. 2014

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“…Improved grassland management has received attention in Australia (Russell andWilliams 1982, Gifford et al 1992), New Zealand (Tate et al 1997), and in the United States and Canada (Bruce et al 1998). While Bruce et al (1998) estimated that North American soils can sequester 0.2 Mg C·ha Ϫ1 ·yr Ϫ1 , Gifford et al (1992) estimated that Australian soils can sequester between 0.5 and 0.6 Mg C·ha Ϫ1 ·yr Ϫ1 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grassland Management and Conversion into Grassland: Effects on Soil Carbon

Conant

Elliott

2001

Ecological Applications

338

466

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Abstract. Grasslands are heavily relied upon for food and forage production. A key component for sustaining production in grassland ecosystems is the maintenance of soil organic matter (SOM), which can be strongly influenced by management. Many management techniques intended to increase forage production may potentially increase SOM, thus sequestering atmospheric carbon (C). Further, conversion from either cultivation or native vegetation into grassland could also sequester atmospheric carbon. We reviewed studies examining the influence of improved grassland management practices and conversion into grasslands on soil C worldwide to assess the potential for C sequestration. Results from 115 studies containing over 300 data points were analyzed. Management improvements included fertilization (39%), improved grazing management (24%), conversion from cultivation (15%) and native vegetation (15%), sowing of legumes (4%) and grasses (2%), earthworm introduction (1%), and irrigation (1%). Soil C content and concentration increased with improved management in 74% of the studies, and mean soil C increased with all types of improvement. Carbon sequestration rates were highest during the first 40 yr after treatments began and tended to be greatest in the top 10 cm of soil. Impacts were greater in woodland and grassland biomes than in forest, desert, rain forest, or shrubland biomes. Conversion from cultivation, the introduction of earthworms, and irrigation resulted in the largest increases. Rates of C sequestration by type of improvement ranged from 0.11 to 3.04 Mg C·ha Ϫ1 yr Ϫ1 , with a mean of 0.54 Mg C·ha Ϫ1 ·yr Ϫ1 , and were highly influenced by biome type and climate. We conclude that grasslands can act as a significant carbon sink with the implementation of improved management.

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“…Additional research such as that investigating a hybrid poplar forest (Updegraff et al, 2004) and a coniferous-deciduous mix afforestation forest (Niu and Duiker, 2006) have carbon sequestration rates around 8.98 and 9.53 t CO 2 ha -1 year -1 after 20 years. Carbon sequestration rates of forest in New Zealand can be found in work by Hollinger et al (1993), Tate et al (1997), Scott et al (2000), and Trotter et al (2005).…”

Section: Productivity and Economic Potential Of Hardwoods Farming Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of carbon sequestration potential in agricultural and afforestation farming systems

Lin

2013

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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In the last few decades, many forests have been cut down to make room for cultivation and to increase food or energy crops production in developing countries. In this study, carbon sequestration and wood production were evaluated on afforested farms by integrating the Gaussian diameter distribution model and exponential diameter-height model derived from sample plots of an afforested hardwood forest in Taiwan. The quantity of sequestrated carbon was determined based on aboveground biomass. Through pilot tests run on an age-volume model, an estimation bias was obtained and used to correct predicted volume estimates for a farm forest over a 20-year period. An estimated carbon sequestration of 11,254 t C was observed for a 189ha-hardwood forest which is equivalent to 41,264 t CO 2 . If this amount of carbon dioxide were exchanged on the Chicago Climate Exchange (CCX) market, the income earned would be 821 US$ ha -1 . Carbon sequestration from rice (Oryza sativa) or sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) production is discharged as a result of straw decomposition in the soil which also improves soil quality. Sugarcane production does not contribute significantly to carbon sequestration, because almost all the cane fiber is used as fuel for sugar mills. As a result of changing the farming systems to hardwood forest in this study area, carbon sequestration and carbon storage have increased at the rate of 2.98 t C ha -1 year -1 . Net present value of afforestation for a 20-year period of carbon or wood management is estimated at around US$ 30,000 given an annual base interest rate of 3 %.

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Organic carbon stocks in New Zealand's terrestrial ecosystems

Cited by 82 publications

References 22 publications

Changes in soil total C and N contents at three chronosequences after conversion from plantation pine forest to dairy pasture on a New Zealand Pumice soil

Changes in soil total C and N contents at three chronosequences after conversion from plantation pine forest to dairy pasture on a New Zealand Pumice soil

Grassland Management and Conversion into Grassland: Effects on Soil Carbon

Comparison of carbon sequestration potential in agricultural and afforestation farming systems

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