Organic chlorine compounds in lake sediments. III. Chlorohydrocarbons, free and chemically bound chlorophenols

Paasiv́irta, Jaakko; Hakala, H.; Knuutinen, Juha; Otollinen, T.; Särkkä, Jukka; Welling, Leena; Paukku, Raija; Lammi, Reino

doi:10.1016/0045-6535(90)90040-z

Cited by 58 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The sediment was spiked with TCP to achieve four exposure concentrations (25,50,75, and 100 g/g dry sediment), similar to the total concentrations found in contaminated sediments near pulp mills [20]. TCP was added as a mixture of both radioactive (2-12%) and nonradioactive chemical (88-98%), actual amount of radioactive chemical being identical in every sediment concentration.…”

Section: Sediment Manipulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary study to compare body residues and sublethal energetic responses in benthic invertebrates exposed to sediment‐bound 2,4,5‐trichlorophenol

Penttinen

Kukkonen

Pellinen

1996

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract-Relationships between concentration of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (TCP) in sediment, body residues of the chemical, and sublethal biological effects in three benthic invertebrates were studied. Uncontaminated lake sediment was spiked with four concentrations (23-85 g/g dry sediment) of TCP. Chironomid larvae (Chironomus riparius), oligochaete worms (Lumbriculus variegatus), and sphaeriid bivalves (Sphaerium corneum) were exposed to the sediment. The effect of chlorophenol on the rate of heat dissipation of animals was monitored by direct microcalorimetry. It appeared that both the behavior of the animals and their body residues explained the energetic response. Valve closure behavior of S. corneum reduced the accumulation of toxicant (Ͻ0.3 mol/g) but was observed as a complex energetic response. Heat dissipation of L. variegatus was at the same level in control animals and those with high body residues of TCP (Ͼ1.5 mol/g). Regardless of the amount of TCP accumulated to C. riparius (0.1-0.6 mol/g), the rate of heat dissipation was almost two times higher than that of the control animals, probably reflecting uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation, which is the primary mode of toxic action of chlorophenols. However, when a threshold concentration was exceeded there was no concentration-response dependence until acute toxicity appears.

show abstract

Section: Sediment Manipulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary study to compare body residues and sublethal energetic responses in benthic invertebrates exposed to sediment‐bound 2,4,5‐trichlorophenol

Penttinen

Kukkonen

Pellinen

1996

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Because (chloro-)catechols are resistant to standard wastewater treatment processes, they are discharged into the receiving water bodies, and because of their hydrophobicity, they finally accumulate in sediments. Concentrations of up to 8.25 g of tetrachlorocatechol per 1 g of organic carbon or 350 ng of tetrachlorocatechol (TeCC) per 1 g of dry surface sediments have been reported in lake sediments [3,4]. In various bacteria and fungi, (chloro-)catechols are formed as intermediates in the degradation pathways of (chloro-)benzenes, (chloro-)benzoates, and other chlorinated aromatic compounds [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Toxicity of (Chloro-)Catechols and (Chloro-)Catechol–copper Combinations in Escherichia Coli Corresponds to Their Membrane Toxicity in Vitro

Schweigert¹,

Hunziker²,

Escher³

et al. 2001

Environ Toxicol Chem

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

(Chloro-)catechols are toxic for bacteria and higher organisms, but the mode of action is not yet clearly understood. We have compared the acute toxicity of different chlorinated catechols to Escherichia coli with membrane toxic effects, namely narcosis and uncoupling that we have determined in an in vitro assay. In vitro membrane toxicity was quantified by measuring the accelerated decay of the membrane potential of chromatophores isolated from Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Both acute and membrane toxicity increased with increasing degree of chlorination. Analysis of dose-response curves, pH dependence, and estimated membrane concentrations gave a consistent picture of the mechanisms of membrane toxicity: At pH 7, the higher-chlorinated catechols acted as uncouplers of oxidative and photophosphorylation, and the lower-chlorinated catechols and catechol acted as narcotics. In the case of 3,5-dichlorocatechol and 4-monochlorocatechol at pH 8.8, both mechanisms appeared to contribute to the overall toxicity. Copper exhibited a diverging effect on the toxicity of catechols and of (chloro-)catechols to E. coli. Whereas the presence of copper increased the toxicity of catechol and 4-monochlorocatechol, the toxicity of 3,5-dichlorocatechol, 3,4,5-trichlorocatechol, and tetrachlorocatechol decreased. Again, the results obtained with in vitro assays agreed with the acute toxicity observed in E. coli: The presence of copper accelerated decay of the membrane potential of catechol and 4-monochlorocatechol; however, the effect was reversed by copper in experiments with 3,5-dichlorocatechol, 3,4,5-trichlorocatechol, and tetrachlorocatechol. We have proposed a mechanistic model to explain the diverging effects of copper on the uncoupling activities of the different catechols.

show abstract

“…These compounds, being resistant to standard wastewater treatment processes, are often discharged in industrial effluents and finally accumulate in lake and river sediments. Concentrations of up to 8.25 g tetrachlorocatechol/g of organic carbon or 350 ng tetrachlorocatechol/g dry surface sediments have been reported [Paasivirta et al, 1990;Remberger et al, 1986]. Catechols can also be naturally produced inside various bacteria and fungi as intracellular intermediates in the degradation pathways of (chloro-)benzenes, (chloro-)benzoates and other chlorinated aromatic compounds [Neilson, 1990].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Combinations of chlorocatechols and heavy metals cause DNA degradation in vitro but must not result in increased mutation rates in vivo

Schweigert¹,

Belkin²,

Leong-Morgenthaler³

et al. 1999

Environ. Mol. Mutagen.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Organic chlorine compounds in lake sediments. III. Chlorohydrocarbons, free and chemically bound chlorophenols

Cited by 58 publications

References 9 publications

Preliminary study to compare body residues and sublethal energetic responses in benthic invertebrates exposed to sediment‐bound 2,4,5‐trichlorophenol

Preliminary study to compare body residues and sublethal energetic responses in benthic invertebrates exposed to sediment‐bound 2,4,5‐trichlorophenol

Acute Toxicity of (Chloro-)Catechols and (Chloro-)Catechol–copper Combinations in Escherichia Coli Corresponds to Their Membrane Toxicity in Vitro

Combinations of chlorocatechols and heavy metals cause DNA degradation in vitro but must not result in increased mutation rates in vivo

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About