The
design, synthesis, and characterization of a new class of blue-colored
thiophene-substituted Pechmann dyes are reported. Due to a distinguishing
blue coloration and the capability to absorb light in one of the most
photon-dense regions of the solar spectrum, such compounds are of
great interest for application as photoactive materials in organic
optoelectronics, in particular, in dye-sensitized solar cells. To
achieve fine tuning of the optical and electrochemical properties,
the electron-poor thiophene-bis-lactone moiety has been decorated
with donor (D) and acceptor groups (A), targeting fully conjugated
D–A−π–A structures. The designed structures
have been investigated by means of DFT and time-dependent DFT calculations,
and the most promising dyes have been synthesized. These molecules
represent the very first preparation of unsymmetrical Pechmann derivatives.
Optical and electrochemical properties of the new dyes have been studied
by cyclic voltammetry and UV–vis and fluorescence spectroscopy.
In two cases, test cells were built proving that a photocurrent can
indeed be generated when using electrolytes especially formulated
for narrow-band-gap dyes, although with a very low efficiency.