Organic Contaminant Biodegradation by Oxidoreductase Enzymes in Wastewater Treatment

Barber, Edward A.; Liu, Ziyi; Smith, Stephen R.

doi:10.3390/microorganisms8010122

Cited by 37 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…While the TE may not be seated next to a pathogenicity gene, they may play a role in modulating genome architecture allowing for quick adaptation to niche host [ 28 , 40 ]. Further it is more than likely that R. solani may depend on other compounds and enzyme such as secondary metabolites including oxidoreductase [ 78 ], O-methyltransferase [ 79 ], and virulence and effector proteins such as glucanases, cutinase, and pectin lyase [ 80 ] to maintain a pathogenic lifestyle, as opposed to the influence of TE insertion near pathogenicity genes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Genomics: Insights on the Pathogenicity and Lifestyle of Rhizoctonia solani

Razali

Hisham

Kumar

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Proper management of agricultural disease is important to ensure sustainable food security. Staple food crops like rice, wheat, cereals, and other cash crops hold great export value for countries. Ensuring proper supply is critical; hence any biotic or abiotic factors contributing to the shortfall in yield of these crops should be alleviated. Rhizoctonia solani is a major biotic factor that results in yield losses in many agriculturally important crops. This paper focuses on genome informatics of our Malaysian Draft R. solani AG1-IA, and the comparative genomics (inter- and intra- AG) with four AGs including China AG1-IA (AG1-IA_KB317705.1), AG1-IB, AG3, and AG8. The genomic content of repeat elements, transposable elements (TEs), syntenic genomic blocks, functions of protein-coding genes as well as core orthologous genic information that underlies R. solani’s pathogenicity strategy were investigated. Our analyses show that all studied AGs have low content and varying profiles of TEs. All AGs were dominant for Class I TE, much like other basidiomycete pathogens. All AGs demonstrate dominance in Glycoside Hydrolase protein-coding gene assignments suggesting its importance in infiltration and infection of host. Our profiling also provides a basis for further investigation on lack of correlation observed between number of pathogenicity and enzyme-related genes with host range. Despite being grouped within the same AG with China AG1-IA, our Draft AG1-IA exhibits differences in terms of protein-coding gene proportions and classifications. This implies that strains from similar AG do not necessarily have to retain similar proportions and classification of TE but must have the necessary arsenal to enable successful infiltration and colonization of host. In a larger perspective, all the studied AGs essentially share core genes that are generally involved in adhesion, penetration, and host colonization. However, the different infiltration strategies will depend on the level of host resilience where this is clearly exhibited by the gene sets encoded for the process of infiltration, infection, and protection from host.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Genomics: Insights on the Pathogenicity and Lifestyle of Rhizoctonia solani

Razali

Hisham

Kumar

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…Enzymes, mainly from oxidoreductase group, including laccases, peroxidases, and tyrosinases, arouse as a promising alternative for biological treatment of water and wastewater. These biomolecules are capable of catalyzing oxidation reactions of a large number of organic compounds, mainly phenolic and non-phenolic aromatic molecules [27][28][29][30]. Catalytic properties of such enzymes made them attractive for transformation of various ECs such as pharmaceuticals, estrogens, dyes, pesticides, as well phenol and its derivatives [18,31].…”

Section: Biological Treatment Of Water and Wastewatermentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Wastewater Treatment by Immobilized Enzymes

et al. 2021

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Purpose of Review In the presented review, we have summarized recent achievements on the use of immobilized oxidoreductases for biodegradation of hazardous organic pollutants including mainly dyes, pharmaceuticals, phenols, and bisphenols. In order to facilitate process optimization and achievement of high removal rates, effect of various process conditions on biodegradation has been highlighted and discussed. Recent Findings Current reports clearly show that immobilized oxidoreductases are capable of efficient conversion of organic pollutants, usually reaching over 90% of removal rate. Further, immobilized enzymes showed great recyclability potential, allowing their reuse in numerous of catalytic cycles. Summary Collected data clearly indicates immobilized oxidoreductases as an efficient biocatalytic tools for removal of hazardous phenolic compounds, making them a promising option for future water purification. Data shows, however, that both immobilization and biodegradation conditions affect conversion efficiency; therefore, process optimization is required to achieve high removal rates. Nevertheless, we have demonstrated future trends and highlighted several issues that have to be solved in the near-future research, to facilitate large-scale application of the immobilized oxidoreductases in wastewater treatment.

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“…Furthermore, immobilising enzymes by cross-linking to the surface of a membrane or micro-reactor for use within a continuous reaction process [156] offers significant potential opportunities and is an exciting area for future research and development. For instance, Barber et al [157] recently proposed that oxidoreductase enzymes cross-linked with flexible spacers (e.g. polyethylene glycol) could provide an effective approach to organic micropollutant degradation in municipal wastewater treatment.…”

Section: Stabilisation/immobilisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzyme Recovery from Biological Wastewater Treatment

Liu¹,

Smith²

2020

Waste Biomass Valor

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Enzymes are high value industrial bio-catalysts with extensive applications in a wide range of manufacturing and processing sectors, including the agricultural, food and household care industries. The catalytic efficiency of enzymes can be several orders higher compared to inorganic chemical catalysts under mild conditions. However, the nutrient medium necessary for biomass culture represents a significant cost to industrial enzyme production. Activated sludge (AS) is a waste product of biological wastewater treatment and consists of microbial biomass that degrades organic matter by producing substantial quantities of hydrolytic enzymes. Therefore, enzyme recovery from AS offers an alternative, potentially viable approach to industrial enzyme production. Enzyme extraction from disrupted AS flocs is technically feasible and has been demonstrated at experimental-scale. A critical review of disruption techniques identified sonication as potentially the most effective and suitable method for enzyme extraction, which can be scaled up and is a familiar technology to the water industry. The yields of different enzymes are influenced by wastewater treatment conditions, and particularly the composition, and can also be controlled by feeding sludge with specific target substrates. Nevertheless, hydrolytic enzymes can be effectively extracted directly from waste AS without specific modifications to standard wastewater treatment processes. Purification, concentration and stabilisation/immobilisation techniques can also greatly expand the industrial application and increase the economic value and marketability of enzyme products extracted from AS. Concentrated and purified AS enzymes could readily substitute inorganic and/or commercial bioenzyme catalysts in many industrial applications including, for example, leather processing, and in detergent and animal feed formulation. Enzyme extraction from AS therefore offers significant economic benefits to the Water Industry by recovering valuable resources from wastewater. They can also optimise important waste treatment processes, such as the anaerobic digestion (AD) of sewage sludge, increasing biogas and renewable energy production. The enzyme-extracted sludge exhibits improved treatment properties, such as increased settleability, dewaterability, and anaerobic digestibility for biogas production, assisting sludge management by wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and enabling the further utilisation of the residual sludge. Graphic Abstract

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Organic Contaminant Biodegradation by Oxidoreductase Enzymes in Wastewater Treatment

Cited by 37 publications

References 66 publications

Comparative Genomics: Insights on the Pathogenicity and Lifestyle of Rhizoctonia solani

Comparative Genomics: Insights on the Pathogenicity and Lifestyle of Rhizoctonia solani

Enhanced Wastewater Treatment by Immobilized Enzymes

Enzyme Recovery from Biological Wastewater Treatment

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