Organic decomposition and synthesis reactions in lactated solution exposed to nonequilibrium atmospheric pressure plasma

Abstract

Lactate is used in the food and pharmaceutical industries and is a crucial intermediate for synthesis. Plasma-activated lactate (PAL) in Ringer's solution was recently shown to have effective antitumor action. Small molecule aldehydes, ketones, and organic acids were produced from lactate during plasma exposure, and fivemembered conjugated lactone isomers of furanone (C 5 H 6 O 2 ) were detected formed by interactions of lactate or its fragments with •OH, organic radicals, and K E Y W O R D S 2,3-dimethyl-tartaric acid, lactate, plasma organic chemistry, synthesis

Plasma-Driven Sciences: Exploring Complex Interactions at Plasma Boundaries

“…Eventually, the plasma-contacting liquids kill the cells of living organisms during cultivation in Petri dishes [63]. Comprehensive chemical analyses have shown that plasma-treated liquids contain inorganic reactive species, known as reactive nitrogen and oxygen species (RONS), such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitrous acid (HNO2), and nitric acid (HNO3) [64]. The nitrogen-based reactive species, HxNyOz, plays a role in the chemical reactions [60] (Figure 4).…”

“…The •CHand •CH 2 -type radicals on the lactate skeleton are formed by the hydrogen abstraction due to the •OH radical. In aqueous chemistry, organic acids such as acetate, pyruvate, and glyoxylate are derived from decomposition and oxidation [64,65]. Moreover, dimerization occurs to form substances, such as 2,3-dimethyltratrate [66], and additive reactions create products containing methyl amine groups [67].…”

Plasma‐treated liquids in medicine: Let's get chemical

“…It can be oxidized by direct plasma treatment to 2,3-dimethyl-tartaric acid or to pyruvate-a known scavenger of H 2 O 2 -thus affecting the long-term reactivity of the PTL. [25,26] Experiments performed in polysaccharides (alginate, methylcellulose) and proteins (albumin, gelatin, lysozyme, RNase, and superoxide dismutase) solutions showed that direct plasma treatment is able to fragment and to oxidize, to a different extent, the biopolymers, affecting their functionality, and generating intermediates with different reactivity. [14,[27][28][29][30] Finally, a direct plasma treatment of biopolymer solutions leads to the enhancement of long-lived species (H 2 O 2 and NO 2 − ) in solution, likely proceeding through the generation of organic peroxides and/or by involving transient RONS like O and HO radicals.…”