Organic Diode Laser Dynamics: Rate-Equation Model, Reabsorption, Validation and Threshold Predictions

Lenstra, D.; Fischer, A.; Ouirimi, Amani; Chime, Alex Chamberlain; Loganathan, Nixson; Chakaroun, Mohamad

doi:10.3390/photonics8070279

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…2πc ∆ν, with c the vacuum light velocity. The simulations have been performed using analytic expressions for the spectra S E (λ), S A (λ) and S CAV (λ) as described in the appendix of [13].…”

Section: Brief Discussion Of the Equations Reabsorbtion And Emission ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With a model based on four rate equations for an electrically pumped OLED, we simulate the generation of these sub-nano second optical pulses. This model is an improved version derived from an earlier published model [13] including Stoke-shifted reabsorption and field-dependent (Poole-Frenkel) Langevin recombination. The results yield good agreement with the above-mentioned measurements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this paper, we will present an improved version of our rate-equation theory for an electrically injected ODL [13,19], present simulation results for operation below and above laser threshold and discuss prospects for steady-state laser operation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultra-short optical pulse generation in micro OLEDs and the perspective of lasing

Lenstra

Fischer

Ouirimi

et al. 2022

J. Opt.

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We report experimental and theoretical investigations with an in-house fabricated Tris(8‐hydroxyquinoline)‐aluminum (Alq3)-based high-speed μ-OLEDs and demonstrate very promising optical pulse responses as short as 400 ps. With a model for an electrically pumped OLED, we simulate the emission of sub-nanosecond optical pulses. The model includes field-dependent (Poole-Frenkel) Langevin recombination and reabsorption of photons by singlets (Stokes-shifted), and by triplets (TA). The good agreement between the measurement and the simulation is the basis for further study of the prospects on the ps time scale, i.e., stimulated emission and conditions for laser operation. For an Alq3-based micro-OLED with high-Q optical cavity, we predict pulsed laser operation with damped relaxation oscillations in the GHz regime and several orders of magnitude linewidth narrowing, but only during 3 ns at most. The simulated current density threshold values vary from 10 kA/cm2 for Q = 500 to less than 1 kA/cm2 for Q = 1000. No CW lasing is found due to the accumulation of triplet excitons for t > 5 ns, which has two deteriorating effects, (1) suppression of the gain-providing singlet excitons due to singlet-triplet absorption (STA) and (2) suppression of the photon density due to photon absorption by triplets (TA). Prospects for CW-lasing with other organic molecules are discussed.

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Section: Brief Discussion Of the Equations Reabsorbtion And Emission ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultra-short optical pulse generation in micro OLEDs and the perspective of lasing

Lenstra

Fischer

Ouirimi

et al. 2022

J. Opt.

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“…The set of rate equations for the OLED is for the host-only organic gain material 2,7-Bis (9,9-spirobifluoren-2-yl)-9,9-spirobifluorene (TSBF) proposed in [4], with luminescence wavelength λ E1 within the absorption spectrum of the laser gain medium. The evolutions of gain and photon generation are described in our current-driven model [7], extended by a model for the electrical circuit adopted from Ahmad et al [11]. In that model, the relation between the applied voltage V A (t) and the diode injection current I D (t) is given by…”

Section: Oled Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this paper, a dynamical model validated for an electrically pumped OLED [6,7], is extended to include the optical pumping of the organic-laser section. The electroluminescent light generated in the OLED section then excites the organic active molecules in the laser section, leading to the generation of singlet excitons necessary for lasing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

OLED-Pumped Organic Laser Diode

Lenstra,

Fischer

2024

Photonics

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A theoretical analysis is presented for a recently proposed high-speed µ-OLED optically pumped organic laser. We confirm that for this configuration, the laser threshold is reached at a lower current density than in the case of a direct-electrically pumped organic laser diode while generating pulses of order 15 ns duration. With a validated model for the electrically pumped organic light-emitting diode (OLED), we simulate the generation of light pulses. This light is fed into the organic laser section, where it optically pumps the emitting organic medium. The full model includes field-enhanced Langevin recombination in the OLED, Stoke-shifted reabsorption in both the OLED and organic laser, and an optical cavity in the latter. We numerically demonstrate 2 GHz modulation and conjecture the feasibility of ~0.025 Mb/s data transmission with this device.

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OLED-pumped organic laser

Lenstra,

Fischer,

Ouirimi

et al. 2024

Organic Electronics and Photonics: Fundamentals and Devices IV

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We report a numerical investigation of the recently proposed (Nature 621, 2023, 746) high-speed μ-OLED optically pumped organic laser and confirm that in this configuration the threshold for quasi-CW lasing is much easier reached than in case of a direct-electrically pumped organic laser diode. With a new model for the electrically biased OLED, we simulate the generation of pulsed and quasi-CW light. This light is fed into the organic laser where it optically pumps the emitting organic medium The model is voltage-driven and includes field-enhanced Langevin recombination in the OLED, Stokeshifted reabsorption in both the OLED and organic laser, with an optical cavity in the latter. We numerically demonstrate 3.5 𝑘𝐴/𝑐𝑚 2 laser threshold current density, 1 𝐺𝐻𝑧 modulation and conjecture the capability of 𝐺𝑏/𝑠 data transmission with this device.

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Organic Diode Laser Dynamics: Rate-Equation Model, Reabsorption, Validation and Threshold Predictions

Cited by 5 publications

References 33 publications

Ultra-short optical pulse generation in micro OLEDs and the perspective of lasing

Ultra-short optical pulse generation in micro OLEDs and the perspective of lasing

OLED-Pumped Organic Laser Diode

OLED-pumped organic laser

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