Organic electronic solid state device: electrochemistry of material preparation

Hümmelgen, Ivo A.

doi:10.1007/s10008-017-3657-5

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Oxidation and consequent polymerization of monomers based on pyrrole, thiophene and aniline to generate conjugated polymers have been widely studied [1]. Modulation of electronic structure by oxidation (p-doping) and in some cases by reduction (n-doping) [2,3] allows dramatic variation of electronic and optical properties [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Electrochemically, one can control the rate of deposition (current, via Faraday's law) or the rate constant for monomer oxidation (via potential) and subsequently dictate either charge state (via applied potential) or the rate at which it is varied (via imposed current).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of electrochemical control function on the internal structure and composition of electrodeposited polypyrrole films: A neutron reflectometry study

Beebee

Watkins

Sapstead

et al. 2019

Electrochimica Acta

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Electrodeposited conducting polymer films derived from aromatic monomers are known to possess properties that depend significantly on the deposition protocol, particularly the electrochemical control function employed. This study explores the underlying reasons for this common observation for the specific case of polypyrrole films deposited from aqueous media onto gold electrodes under potentiostatic, potentiodynamic and galvanostatic control. Although the control functions impose different conditions, the control parameters (potential, potential range and scan rate, and current) were selected so as generate films at comparable rates; this avoids inappropriate attribution of structural and compositional variations to different thickness regimes, irrespective of how they were generated. In each case, film deposition was periodically interrupted and the film characterised by specular neutron reflectivity measurements. By using d 4pyrrole monomer in H 2 O solvent, the isotopic selectivity of neutron reflectivity was used to extract polymer and solvent concentration profiles as a function of distance from the electrode/film interface. Spatial integration of these profiles was used to quantify total film solvent populations; these are expressed as solvent volume fractions. Films grown under the three different control regimes have measurably distinct solvent volume fraction profiles and there is evolution of these profiles with increasing thickness. Ultimately, for the conditions employed, the order of increasing porosity (i.e. solvent content) by control function was potentiostatic < potentiodynamic < galvanostatic. At the end of the deposition process, the films were transferred to monomer-free electrolyte and redox cycled. This resulted in an overall increase in film solvation, but little difference in solvation with redox state (doping level). We conclude that film structure and associated solvation level do retain some memory of deposition protocol, but also respond to the medium of exposure.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of electrochemical control function on the internal structure and composition of electrodeposited polypyrrole films: A neutron reflectometry study

Beebee

Watkins

Sapstead

et al. 2019

Electrochimica Acta

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“…Solid state electrochemistry is a discipline created to a great extent by Prof. Scholz some years ago [11,74,75] that has proven to be especially useful for the analysis of solid samples (e.g. archaeological objects) as well as particles, droplets and vesicles placed on the electrode surface [76][77][78][79]. Having this in mind, solid state electrochemistry can experience a great expansion in the future to compete with other techniques like near-infrared spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence for the direct analysis of solid samples.…”

Section: The Challenges Of the New Centurymentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroanalysis from the past to the twenty-first century: challenges and perspectives

Dı́az-Cruz

Serrano

Pérez‐Ràfols

et al. 2020

J Solid State Electrochem

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“…Regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (rr-P3HT) (Figure 1a) is one of the most commonly used CPs in organic electronic devices. [8][9][10][11] This is mainly due to its ease of processability, high chemical stability, wide commercial availability, and ability to self-orient into a well-ordered lamellar structure. 12,13 An important variant of P3HT is the 100% regioregular defect-free P3HT (DF-P3HT), in which the coupling defects along polymer chains are eliminated during the synthesis process, resulting in better crystallinity in polymer thin films.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) electron mobility through complete elimination of regioregularity defects

Nawaz

Koehler

Kumar

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The improvement of electron transport in polymer semiconductors is highly desirable for realizing robust, large-area and low-cost organic integrated circuits. This work investigates the effect of regioregularity on the intrinsic hole and electron transport characteristics of poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) using current-voltage (I-V) measurements in metal/polymer/metal sandwich structures. Through a direct comparison between 93% regioregular P3HT (EG-P3HT) and 100% regioregular defect-free poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (DF-P3HT), it is found that the elimination of regioregularity defects improves the electron mobility of DF-P3HT (1.05 × 10-7 cm2 V-1 s-1) by three orders of magnitude compared to the 93% regioregular EG-P3HT sample (1.82 × 10-10 cm2 V-1 s-1). Quantum chemical calculations indicate that the improvement of electron mobility in DF-P3HT can be associated to the lower degree of disorder in these samples that tends to increase the transfer angle between the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals of adjacent chains. At the same time, the lower dipole moments produced by the defect-free polymer molecules also appears to play an important role in decreasing the susceptibility of charge transport to environment-induced electron traps. The obtained results provide a strong evidence that the elimination of regioregularity defects is an effective technique to improve electron transport and restore the symmetry between hole and electron mobility in P3HT as well as other thiophene-based polymers.

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Organic electronic solid state device: electrochemistry of material preparation

Cited by 6 publications

References 82 publications

Effect of electrochemical control function on the internal structure and composition of electrodeposited polypyrrole films: A neutron reflectometry study

Effect of electrochemical control function on the internal structure and composition of electrodeposited polypyrrole films: A neutron reflectometry study

Electroanalysis from the past to the twenty-first century: challenges and perspectives

Improvement of poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) electron mobility through complete elimination of regioregularity defects

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