Organic enrichment at salmon farms in the Bay of Fundy, Canada: DEPOMOD predictions versus observed sediment sulfide concentrations

Chang, B. D.; Page, Fred H.; Losier, R. J.; McCurdy, E. P.

doi:10.3354/aei00104

Cited by 22 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Although the final fate of the vertical flux of organic carbon at 15 m depth also depends on the total depth of the area (see below), these simulations strongly agree with other studies, which suggest that the impact of organic loading on finfish farms is restricted to the near-field (e.g. Brooks & Mahnken 2003, Wildish et al 2004, Chang et al 2014). These results high- lighting the strong vertical fluxes are in good agreement with Cubillo et al (2016) and suggest a limited usefulness of shellfish for mitigating solid wastes in IMTA sites using current technology and aquaculture practices.…”

Section: Fluxes Of Matter In Imta Sitessupporting

confidence: 87%

Vertical particle fluxes dominate integrated multi‑trophic aquaculture (IMTA) sites: implications for shellfish-finfish synergy

Filgueira¹,

Guyondet²,

Reid³

et al. 2017

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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Maximizing the mitigation potential of open-water finfish−shellfish integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) farms is complex in terms of co-locating the trophic components. Both the dispersal of finfish aquaculture wastes and biological processes are highly influenced by water circulation. Consequently, the evaluation of shellfish−finfish synergy requires a combined study of biological and physical processes, which can be achieved by the implementation and coupling of mathematical models. A highly configurable mathematical model was developed that can be applied at the apparent spatial scale of IMTA sites. The model tracks different components of the seston, including feed wastes, fish faeces, shellfish faeces, natural detritus and phytoplankton. Based on the characterization of these fluxes, a hypothetical IMTA site was used to explore different spatial arrangements for evaluating finfish−shellfish farm mitigation efficiency. The site was modelled following a factorial design, which tested 2 levels of background seston concentrations, 3 farm designs, 2 hydrodynamic conditions and 2 levels of aquaculture intensity. The model predicts that mitigation efficiency is highly dependent on the background environmental conditions, obtaining maximum mitigation under oligotrophic conditions that stimulate shellfish filtration activity. The dominance of vertical fluxes of particulate matter triggered by the high settling velocity of finfish aquaculture wastes suggests that suspended shellfish aquaculture cannot significantly reduce organic loading of the seabed. Consequently, this suggests that waste mitigation at IMTA sites should be best achieved by placing organic extractive species (e.g. deposit feeders) on the seabed directly beneath finfish cages rather than in suspension in the water column.

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Section: Fluxes Of Matter In Imta Sitessupporting

confidence: 87%

Vertical particle fluxes dominate integrated multi‑trophic aquaculture (IMTA) sites: implications for shellfish-finfish synergy

Filgueira¹,

Guyondet²,

Reid³

et al. 2017

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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“…Several modeling studies have been published, mainly addressing the DEPOMOD (Cromey et al, 2002a(Cromey et al, , 2009Keeley et al, 2013;Chang et al, 2014;Bannister et al, 2016). Some of these simulation studies reveal a more homogeneous distribution of the sediments/organic matter than the present results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…In contrast, previous studies have been run with data from point measurements of currents, for a limited time period (Chang et al, 2014), naturally giving a more homogeneous current field, and hence a more homogeneous transport of matter (Keeley et al, 2013;Chang et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal Dispersal and Deposition of Fish Farm Wastes: A Model Study from Central Norway

et al. 2017

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A spatially explicit coupled hydrodynamic-mass transport model system was used to simulate dispersal of particulate organic matter from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) farming in central Norway. Model setups of 32 m horizontal resolution were run for periods of up to 650 days for 3 sites of different oceanographic characteristics: one fjord location, one medium-exposed location influenced by fjord water, and one coastal location. Records on feed used for each cage at each location were converted to feces released based on a published mass balance model. The results from the simulations were compared with scores from corresponding mandatory benthic surveys (MOM-B) of the sediment layer beneath the farms. The correspondence between simulated and measured thickness of the sediment layer was good, and improved with the inclusion of resuspension processes. At all sites the distribution of organic matter in the bottom layer was non-homogeneous, with significant temporal variation and transport and settling of matter up to at least 0.5 km away from one of the farms. Our results indicate that the monitoring practice used in Norway until now, with a few sediment grab samples taken mainly within the fish farm, may not adequately determine the areal impacts of all salmon farming operations. The patchy distribution of organic matter and the correspondence between simulation and survey results is attributed to the use of full 3D current fields of a high spatiotemporal resolution and a good model for resuspension processes that some previous model studies have failed to properly account for.

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“…For the most part, this is not a direct linkage; in cage aquaculture of finfish, a substantial proportion of the solid waste from uneaten and undigested feed settles rapidly to the bottom based on sulphide levels found in close proximity to the fish cages (e.g. Chang et al 2014).…”

Section: Water Quality Shellfish and European Legislationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Goods and services of extensive aquaculture: shellfish culture and nutrient trading

Ferreira

Bricker

2015

Aquacult Int

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Bivalve shellfish play an important role in top-down control of primary symptoms of eutrophication. This short-circuits the process of organic decomposition and promotes an enhancement of underwater light climate, improved oxygenation of bottom water, and restoration of submerged aquatic vegetation. This review analyses this ecosystem service as a potential actor in watershed-level nutrient credit trading programmes and explores the possibilities of implementation of such programmes in Europe. We examine the different components of the issue, including the eutrophication status of European coastal waters, legal and management instruments, and the use of mathematical models at both the ecosystem and farm scales to evaluate the potential removal of nitrogen by cultivated shellfish such as oysters, mussels, and clams. The annual European bivalve shellfish production of over 700,000 metric tons is estimated to generate a nitrogen removal of 46,800 t year -1 , equivalent to 14 9 10 6 population equivalent, and a minimum value of 507 9 10 6 €. We discuss future directions for this topic in Europe, drawing from ongoing research in the USA and elsewhere, in the light of the twin challenges of European aquaculture expansion and implementation of EU directives.

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Organic enrichment at salmon farms in the Bay of Fundy, Canada: DEPOMOD predictions versus observed sediment sulfide concentrations

Cited by 22 publications

References 28 publications

Vertical particle fluxes dominate integrated multi‑trophic aquaculture (IMTA) sites: implications for shellfish-finfish synergy

Vertical particle fluxes dominate integrated multi‑trophic aquaculture (IMTA) sites: implications for shellfish-finfish synergy

Spatiotemporal Dispersal and Deposition of Fish Farm Wastes: A Model Study from Central Norway

Goods and services of extensive aquaculture: shellfish culture and nutrient trading

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