Organic factors and psychophysiology in childhood schizophrenia.

White, Leonard

doi:10.1037/h0036236

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…An example of such a discrepancy is found in Bernal and Miller (1970) in which there were no differences between the resting skin-conductance levels or habituation responses of "autistic schizophrenic" and control children. Whereas White (1974), on the other hand, found differences in responses to repeated tones across four groups of children: "nonorganic schizophrenic," "organic schizophrenic," "minimal brain dysfunction," and "normal". Even with a more nuanced subject classification, but predating modern diagnostic criteria, Van Engeland (1984) and Stevens and Gruzelier (1984), found no differences in habituation rates across autistic and non-autistic participants.…”

Section: A U T H O R Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 86%

Autonomic and Electrophysiological Evidence for Reduced Auditory Habituation in Autism

Gandhi

Tsourides

Singhal

et al. 2020

J Autism Dev Disord

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It is estimated that nearly 90% of children on the autism spectrum exhibit sensory atypicalities. What aspects of sensory processing are affected in autism? Although sensory processing can be studied along multiple dimensions, two of the most basic ones involve examining instantaneous sensory responses and how the responses change over time. These correspond to the dimensions of 'sensitivity' and 'habituation'. Results thus far have indicated that autistic individuals do not differ systematically from controls in sensory acuity/sensitivity. However, data from studies of habituation have been equivocal. We have studied habituation in autism using two measures: galvanic skin response (GSR) and magnetoencephalography (MEG). We report data from two independent studies. The first study, was conducted with 13 autistic and 13 age-matched neurotypical young adults and used GSR to assess response to an extended metronomic sequence. The second study involved 24 participants (12 with an ASD diagnosis), different from those in study 1, spanning the pre-adolescent to young adult age range, and used MEG.

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Section: A U T H O R Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 86%

Autonomic and Electrophysiological Evidence for Reduced Auditory Habituation in Autism

Gandhi

Tsourides

Singhal

et al. 2020

J Autism Dev Disord

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“…However, most of the studies just mentioned investigated patients with IQ scores within the normal range, while the mean IQ score of the autistic children in our population was at a subnormal level. White (1974) made clear that some EOR variables covary with IQ scores, so definitive conclusions about similarities between autistic children and schizphrenic patients cannot be drawn. In order to solve this problem, we selected from our original population a subgroup of autistic children with IQ scores of 80 and above.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The autistic group was differentiated from the normal group on the basis of a lower mean response during the first block of three habituation trials; thereafter, both groups fell to a common response level and there were no further differences in habituation patterns. White (1974) reported a study comparing conditioning and generalization of skin conductance responses to tones in four groups of children: "nonorganic schizophrenic," "organic schizophrenic," "minimal brain dysfunction," and "normal." The "schizophrenic" children, regardless of their neurological status, gave progressively larger responses to a repeated tone, whereas responses progressively diminished in the control group.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The electrodermal orienting response to auditive stimuli in autistic children, normal children, mentally retarded children, and child psychiatric patients

Engeland

1984

J Autism Dev Disord

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Spontaneous electrodermal activity as well as electrodermal orienting responses to auditive stimuli of moderate intensity were recorded in a group of 35 autistic children and in three control groups. Mean number of spontaneous fluctuations in skin conductance did not differentiate the groups. Autistic children, as compared with the children from the control groups, were significantly more often nonresponsive to the first trial. When responding, autistic children showed electrodermal orienting responses characterized by large amplitudes and fast recovery. The functional significance of nonresponding is discussed, and it is concluded that the response pattern of the autistic child shows a striking resemblance to that of the electrodermal response of schizophrenic persons.

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“…However, it was noted that this may be a correlate of pandevelopmerrtal or mental retardation, since reduced GSR reactivity to moderate intensity stimuli has also been reported in retardates as compared to normals (Berkson 1963;Bower and Tate 1976;Karrer and Clausen 1964;McCabe and Fenz 1970). White (1974) reported a study comparing conditioning and generalization of GSR response to tones in four groups of children: nonorganic schizophrenic, organic schizophrenic, minimal brain dysfunction, and normal. The schizophrenic children, regardless of their neurological status, gave progressively larger responses to a repeated tone, whereas responses progressively diminished in the controls.…”

Section: Electrodermal Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Psychophysiology in Early Onset Psychosis

James

Barry

1980

Schizophrenia Bulletin

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Research on psychophysiological functioning in early onset psychosis is reviewed within the context of etiological formulations stressing perceptual and selective attention abnormalities. Electroencephalographic (EEG) measures, including resting EEG level, alpha blocking, average evoked response, and contingent negative variation, have received most attention in the literature; cardiovascular and electrodermal indices have not been so extensively explored in this group of children. While the nature of differential reactivity in early onset psychosis has not been thoroughly investigated, limited evidence suggests that the central behavioral anomalies associated with the condition may result from abnormal neurophysiological reactivity to sensory stimulation. Further studies of the psychophysiological functioning of these children should yield data useful in the clarification of etiology.

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Organic factors and psychophysiology in childhood schizophrenia.

Cited by 13 publications

References 85 publications

Autonomic and Electrophysiological Evidence for Reduced Auditory Habituation in Autism

Autonomic and Electrophysiological Evidence for Reduced Auditory Habituation in Autism

The electrodermal orienting response to auditive stimuli in autistic children, normal children, mentally retarded children, and child psychiatric patients

A Review of Psychophysiology in Early Onset Psychosis

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