Organic-inorganic hybrid nanomaterials for advanced light dependent resistors

An investigation into the hybrid architecture of Mn–Co nanoferrites incorporated into a polyaniline matrix for photoresponse studies

“…Considering the ambient atmospheric conditions, oxygen molecules get adsorbed onto the surface of the MCF-PANI nanohybrid device in the form of O 2À , as shown in relation (1) and electronic states with their Fermi level in the equilibrium condition. 1,61 Under this condition, the MCF-PANI nanohybrid formed a core-shell with the n-type MCF, and p-type PANI develops a heterojunction between the MCF and PANI due to diffusion of charge carriers. 10,62,63 Therefore, at the interface of the MCF and PANI, multiple depletion widths (x dark ) formed due to the atmospheric exposure, as shown in Fig.…”

“…[63][64][65][66] A decreased conductivity was obtained in an ambient atmosphere under dark conditions. 61,64,66,67 Under illumination, photogenerated excitons dissociate at the donor-acceptor interface due to the difference in energy level between the two semiconductors. When the light is illuminated on the device, electron-hole (e-h) pairs were generated, and electric field and illumination disrupt the equilibrium.…”

“…61 In an externally applied electric field, these generated excitons are easily separated from the electrodes. 61,67 When the light energy is larger than the material's surface trap depths, the electrons are ejected from the traps, and migrate towards the conduction band. The interface of the PANI provides conduction pathways, which causes the current to increase.…”

“…The transient photoresponse of the prepared MCF-PANI nanohybrid depends on the interface of the components of the MCF-PANI nanohybrid, trap states between the valence bands and conduction bands, surface structure and concentration of adsorbed oxygen molecules at the grains and grain boundaries. 61,67 However, due to the operation of the benzenoid and quinoid rings, the MCF-PANI nanohybrid exhibited an increased photoresponse after the MCFs were added to the PANI matrix.…”

Self-driven solar-blind ultraviolet photodetectors based on p-Zn1−xSbxO/n-Si− (x = 0.03, 0.05) heterojunction diodes

“…The external quantum efficiency (EQE) or the photoconductive gain is a notable device performance parameter defined as the ratio of the number of photoelectrons generated per unit time per unit surface area to the number of UV photons incident per unit time per unit surface area of the device [16,23,31]. The external quantum efficiency of the fabricated devices is calculated using the formula ZnO-based photodetectors can also be judged in terms of the parameter called photo-enhancement factors (PEF), which can be calculated using the formula [38,39] PEF ¼…”