Organic‐Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Single Crystals: Crystallization, Molecular Structures, and Bandgap Engineering

Abstract

As a novel active semiconducting material for optoelectronics, organic‐inorganic hybrid perovskites have attracted much attention due to the special advantages of the high light absorption coefficient, long diffusion length and high charge carrier mobility. The single crystals with low defects and free grain boundaries can provide an ideal platform to study the intrinsic photophysical properties and show better performance compared with its amorphous or polycrystalline states. The excellent physical properties of perovskite single crystals make them applied in many fields of solar cells, photodetectors, light‐emitting diodes, lasers, catalysis, etc. Here, the recent progress in the single crystal growth, molecular structures and the bandgap engineering of organic‐inorganic hybrid perovskite single crystals are introduced. The perspective and the future challenge are also provided.

Intrinsic Strong Linear Dichroism of Multilayered 2D Hybrid Perovskite Crystals toward Highly Polarized‐Sensitive Photodetection

“…First principle density functional theory (DFT) method depicts that both the CBM and VBM of 1 locate at the same point, and the bandgap is derived from the contribution of I‐p and Pb‐p orbits (Figure b,c). This result manifests that 1 is a direct bandgap semiconductor with the bandgap of ≈1.87 eV, coinciding with the experimental result (≈1.91 eV), which is smaller than those of (BA) 2 (MA)Pb 2 I 7 (≈2.08 eV) and (PEA) 2 PbI 4 (≈2.36 eV) . Besides, the temperature‐dependent conductivity of 1 was also measured to verify its semiconducting properties.…”

An Organic–Inorganic Perovskitoid with Zwitterion Cysteamine Linker and its Crystal–Crystal Transformation to Ruddlesden‐Popper Phase

“…Hybrid Organic and Inorganic Perovskites (HOIPs), ABX 3 ,; B = Pb +2 , Sn +2 ,S b +2 ,C u +2 ;X = I À ,B r À ,C l À ,B F 4 À )h ave rapidly emerged as the leading photovoltaic and optoelectronic device materials in the past decade owing to their exceptional properties such as low exciton binding energy,high absorption coefficient, high carrier lifetime,b and gap tunability,d imensionality control, scalability,and low cost of fabrication due to solution processability. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Theconversion of 3D HOIP to 2D HOIP is achieved by increasing the length of the organic cation (two or more carbon atoms), thus pushing the inorganic (PbI 6…”

Syntheses and crystal structures of a new family of hybrid perovskites: C5H14N2·ABr3·0.5H2O (A= K, Rb, Cs)

“…'Hybrid' RMX 3 perovskites containing both inorganic and organic (molecular) components have been studied intensively in the last few years due to their remarkable photovoltaic and other optical properties (Xu et al, 2019;Stylianakis et al, 2019;Zuo et al, 2019). The R + or R 2+ organic cation replaces the metallic A cation in an oxide perovskite and the MX 3 (X = halide) octahedral network replaces the BO 3 component of an oxide perovskite.…”