Organic–inorganic nanohybrids of novolac phenolic resin and carbon nanotube: High carbon yields by using carbon nanotube aerogel and resin incorporation into aerogel network

Abstract

CNTCOOH was prepared from oxidation of carbon nanotube. Subsequently, CNTSi was prepared by grafting (3-glycidyloxypropyl) trimethoxysilane (GPTES) to the surface of CNTCOOH by a ring opening reaction of epoxy groups. Then, CNTA was obtained by formation of silicon oxide network between CNTSi and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS). Finally, CNTA was used as an additive in novolac resin matrix to yield RCNTA composites with high carbon yield values. Additionally, modification of novolac resin by GPTES gives MR with silicon ethoxide moieties on its structure. Then, MRCNTA composites were obtained by

Incorporation of epoxy resin and carbon nanotube into silica/siloxane network for improving thermal properties

“…By the oxidation, modification, and hybrid network formation, the I D /I G value is increased which indicates that modification of CNTOH by HDBTMSPU and also sol-gel process have been carried out successfully [50]. The peaks at 532 and 1072 cm -1 are related to Si-O network [29,30]. Additionally, the peaks appeared at 731 and 941 cm -1 are related to Si-C group [58].…”

“…Accordingly, CNTX shows pore size in the range of 2-100 nm. However, the size of a large number of pores is 2-10 nm, which shows that CNTX can be categorized in mesoporous materials [29,30]. Considering cylindrical pore geometry, pore diameters can be calculated by D = 4V p /S BET , where D is the average pore diameter and V p is the pore volume.…”

“…Review of related literature indicates that in the case of organic/inorganic hybrids with carbon nanofillers, epoxy resin and CNT were modified with 3-(isocyanatopropyl)triethoxysilane (IPTEOS) and finally incorporated into silica/siloxane network via sol-gel method by Wu et al [27,28]. Noparvar-Qrebagh et al [29] incorporated CNT and novolac resin into silica/siloxane network via sol-gel method by modification of CNT and novolac resin by alkoxysilane modifiers. A similar procedure was employed for incorporation of graphene into novolac matrix by this group [30].…”

Modification of graphene with silica nanoparticles for use in hybrid network formation from epoxy, novolac, and epoxidized novolac resins by sol-gel method: Investigation of thermal properties

“…These organic-inorganic hybrid materials can be prepared by co-condensation of modified polymers with metal alkoxides and formation of covalent bonding between the organic and inorganic components [16]. In sol-gel methods, hydrolysable alkoxysilanes are commonly used as coupling agents and pH, alkoxide type, water amount, temperature, and drying methods are important factors controlling the hydrolysis and condensation reactions [17][18][19][20]. Uniform distribution of silica/siloxane domains within a polymer matrix in co-condensation process may result in higher thermal and mechanical properties in such hybrid materials.…”

“…Additionally, char residue is increased by 16.93% by loading only 1 wt% of functionalized-GO in silane-modified epoxy resin matrix. In addition, modified CNT and novolac resin with alkoxysilane modifiers was incorporated into silica/siloxane network through the solgel method using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) by Noparvar-Qarebagh et al [18]. They showed that 11.94% increase of char yield was achieved by incorporation of functionalized-CNT in silane-modified novolac resin matrix.…”