Organic-Inorganic Novel Green Cation Exchange Membranes for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

Gouda, Marwa H.; Tamer, Tamer M.; Konsowa, A.H.; Farag, H.A.; Eldin, M.S. Mohy

doi:10.3390/en14154686

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…The methanol crossover reduces the efficiency of DMFCs by the creation of a mixed potential at the cathode. The undesired oxidation, decreasing the active sites for reduction of oxygen at the cathode, and carbon monoxide poisoning of the cathode catalyst are other methanol crossover challenges [142][143][144][145]. Nafion, as the most common PEM used in DMFCs, suf-fers from the methanol crossover despite its supreme proton conductivity and outstanding chemical, thermal, and mechanical stability [146][147][148].…”

Section: Fuel Cells 241 Membranementioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Integration of Two-Dimensional Hexagonal Boron Nitride (2D h-BN) in Energy Conversion and Storage Devices

2022

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The prominence of two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride (2D h-BN) nanomaterials in the energy industry has recently grown rapidly due to their broad applications in newly developed energy systems. This was necessitated as a response to the demand for mechanically and chemically stable platforms with superior thermal conductivity for incorporation in next-generation energy devices. Conventionally, the electrical insulation and surface inertness of 2D h-BN limited their large integration in the energy industry. However, progress on surface modification, doping, tailoring the edge chemistry, and hybridization with other nanomaterials paved the way to go beyond those conventional characteristics. The current application range, from various energy conversion methods (e.g., thermoelectrics) to energy storage (e.g., batteries), demonstrates the versatility of 2D h-BN nanomaterials for the future energy industry. In this review, the most recent research breakthroughs on 2D h-BN nanomaterials used in energy-based applications are discussed, and future opportunities and challenges are assessed.

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Section: Fuel Cells 241 Membranementioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Integration of Two-Dimensional Hexagonal Boron Nitride (2D h-BN) in Energy Conversion and Storage Devices

2022

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“…Elerian et al found that GO/ZrP generally reduces elongation and that adding ZrP particles to the polymer can alter its brittleness; whether this is a positive or negative change depends on properties like particle distribution, filler matrix adhesion, and amount of added filler 63 . In another study conducted with ZrP additive, researchers stated that with the incorporation of ZrP into the polymeric framework, the mechanical tensile strength of the membranes experienced enhancement, and this improvement stemmed from the increased compatibility among membrane components, attributed to the reinforcement of bonds ionic, hydrogen, and covalent‐between polymers and ZrP 64 . According to Abdulkarem et al, the membrane's mechanical strength improved as the amount of inorganic additive increased, and its tensile strength improved because of stress transfer from the ZrP additive to the membrane matrix 65 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesized and characterized high‐performance and low‐cost zirconium phosphate‐additive sulfonated polyethersulfone membranes for PEMFC

Yağızatlı,

Sahin,

2024

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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In this study, the preparation, characterization, and fuel cell performance tests of high‐performance and low‐cost zirconium phosphate (ZrP)‐additive sulfonated polyethersulfone (sPES) membranes, which may serve as a substitute for the commercial membrane used in proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), were carried out. ZrP‐additive sPES membranes were prepared by solution casting method with different weight ratios (2.5%, 5%, and 9%). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), water uptake capacity (WUc), dynamic mechanical analysis, ion exchange capacity (IEx), degree of hydration, impedance analysis, and oxidative stability were used to characterize the created membranes. Ultimately, single‐cell performance experiments were used to evaluate the membranes' performance in real fuel cell environments. ZrP additive improved the WUc, mechanical properties, IEx, and proton conductivity properties of the membrane. WUc of the membranes enhanced by approximately 94% at 80°C, while the proton conductivity augment by approximately 47% with 9% ZrP by weight. 0.97 meq g−1 IEx was obtained for the sPES, whereas it was obtained as 1.41 meq g−1 for sPES‐9ZrP. Oxidative stability experiments for 120‐h determined that all synthesized membranes had a stable structure, and their weight losses varied between 68% and 85%. The sPES‐9ZrP exhibited very high values at 0.6 V, resulting in a power density of 680 mW cm−2 and a current density of 1100 mA cm−2. The results obtained are quite promising, and sPES and ZrP in composite membrane structures have high synergy.

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“…However, the water uptake was too high (70.7%). Also, Gouda et al [ 121 ] chose to blend carrageenan with PVA and zirconium phosphate. Liew et al [ 122 ] modified k-carrageenan with phosphoric acid to obtain higher conductivities, thank to thehigher number of oxygen atoms in the structure.…”

Section: Green Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Synthesis of Cation Exchange Membranes: A Review

Depuydt,

Van der Bruggen

2024

Membranes

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Cation exchange membranes (CEMs) play a significant role in the transition to a more sustainable/green society. They are important components for applications such as water electrolysis, artificial photosynthesis, electrodialysis and fuel cells. Their synthesis, however, is far from being sustainable, affecting safety, health and the environment. This review discusses and evaluates the possibilities of synthesizing CEMs that are more sustainable and green. First, the concepts of green and sustainable chemistry are discussed. Subsequently, this review discusses the fabrication of conventional perfluorinated CEMs and how they violate the green/sustainability principles, eventually leading to environmental and health incidents. Furthermore, the synthesis of green CEMs is presented by dividing the synthesis into three parts: sulfonation, material selection and solvent selection. Innovations in using gaseous SO3 or gas–liquid interfacial plasma technology can make the sulfonation process more sustainable. Regarding the selection of polymers, chitosan, cellulose, polylactic acid, alginate, carrageenan and cellulose are promising alternatives to fossil fuel-based polymers. Finally, water is the most sustainable solvent and many biopolymers are soluble in it. For other polymers, there are a limited number of studies using green solvents. Promising solvents are found back in other membrane, such as dimethyl sulfoxide, Cyrene™, Rhodiasolv® PolarClean, TamiSolve NxG and γ-valerolactone.

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Organic-Inorganic Novel Green Cation Exchange Membranes for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

Cited by 13 publications

References 50 publications

Towards Integration of Two-Dimensional Hexagonal Boron Nitride (2D h-BN) in Energy Conversion and Storage Devices

Towards Integration of Two-Dimensional Hexagonal Boron Nitride (2D h-BN) in Energy Conversion and Storage Devices

Synthesized and characterized high‐performance and low‐cost zirconium phosphate‐additive sulfonated polyethersulfone membranes for PEMFC

Green Synthesis of Cation Exchange Membranes: A Review

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