Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes: Pushing Toward the Limits and Beyond

Song, Jinouk; Lee, Hyeonwoo; Jeong, Eun Gyo; Choi, Kyung Cheol; Yoo, Seunghyup

doi:10.1002/adma.201907539

Cited by 264 publications

(202 citation statements)

References 146 publications

(201 reference statements)

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“…Many works have been done to the design and preparation of noble metal-based PTMCs toward highly efficient OLEDs. [77][78][79][80][81][82] So far, many commercialized emitters are based on these phosphors (such as iridium(III) complex). [83][84][85][86][87][88] However, these noble metals often have some disadvantages (such as high cost and low abundance in nature).…”

Section: Organic Light-emitting Diodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorescent Manganese(II) Complexes and Their Emerging Applications

Tao

Liu

Wong

2020

Advanced Optical Materials

100

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light-emitting device (OLED) in 1998, [1] phosphorescent transition-metal complexes, especially for noble metal-based ones (e.g., iridium(III), platinum(II), etc.) as triplet emitters toward highly efficient organic electroluminescence, have aroused extensive attention. [15-21] Owing to strong spin-orbit coupling effect, these complexes may use both singlet and triplet excitons to greatly enhance the efficiency of OLED, breaking the upper limit of the conventional fluorescent device efficiency. Due to their unique properties of excited states, they also have extended their applications in other fields, for instance, catalysis, organic solar cells, organic memory devices, biological sensing and imaging, photodynamic therapy, information recording, and security protection, etc. [22-27] Although extensive works have been done to the design and preparation of phosphorescent materials based on noble metals, these noble metals usually have some disadvantages (such as high cost and low abundance in nature), thereby limiting their practical applications. The relatively abundant and cheap PTMCs of low toxicity have drawn considerable interests very recently. [4,23,24,28-31] Many kinds of non-noble metal-based PTMCs such as copper(I), tungsten(VI), and manganese(II) complexes have emerged rapidly. [4,23-25,28-31] Phosphorescent manganese(II) complexes show great potentials in many applications, due to their features including highly efficient phosphorescence, flexible design in molecular structure, ease of synthesis, and rich physical properties (e.g., triboluminescence, stimuli-responsivity, etc.). [24,25a,32-36] Compared with the noble metals, manganese element with an atomic number of 25 has abundant reserves, is environmentally friendly and inexpensive. Moreover, it has richer valence and coordination mode, which has been widely used in the fields of catalysis, ferroelectric, and magnetic materials. [37-39] Among the various valence states of manganese ion, the divalent manganese ion having a 3d 5 electron configuration has a 4 T 1 − 6 A 1 radiative transition closely related to the crystal field strength. The crystal field strength in the metal complex highly depends on the chemical structure of the ligand and the coordination number. These features make the manganese(II) complexes having rich photophysical properties. By regulating the ligand structure, the organic counterion and the coordination number of the manganese(II) complex, the green, yellow, orange, red, or even near-infrared phosphorescence can be achieved. [23-25,36,40] It Phosphorescent manganese(II) complexes are emerging as a new generation of phosphorescent materials showing great potentials in many applications, owing to their unique features including highly efficient phosphorescence, diverse structural/molecular design, and ease of synthesis, structural diversity, rich physical properties (e.g., triboluminescence, stimuli-responsivity, etc.), high abundance, and low cost. The research on phosphorescent manganese(II) complexes is just in its infancy...

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Section: Organic Light-emitting Diodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorescent Manganese(II) Complexes and Their Emerging Applications

Tao

Liu

Wong

2020

Advanced Optical Materials

100

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“…[ 1–6 ] Among many types of stretchable electronic devices, the stretchable light source is considered a key component because it is essential for an information display or as an indicator in a stretchable system. [ 7–9 ] Furthermore, it can serve as a light source in body‐attachable phototherapeutic or photo‐biomodulation (PBM) devices. [ 10–12 ] In particular, organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) are regarded as a strong candidate most suited for stretchable light sources due to the soft nature of organic materials and low‐temperature processing that allows the use of nonconventional flexible substrates, which often have a low thermal budget.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Realizing Stretchable OLEDs: A Hybrid Platform Based on Rigid Island Arrays on a Stress‐Relieving Bilayer Structure

Kim

Lee

et al. 2020

Adv Materials Technologies

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Optoelectronic devices that are stretchable can revolutionize various fields by enabling the functionalities that are not accessible from conventional rigid platforms. In this respect, many efforts are made to realize stretchable organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) for their compatibility with various deformable substrates. Two representative examples of such efforts include a method based on intrinsically stretchable materials and a method to attach ultrathin OLEDs on a prestrained elastomer substrate. However, both of those methods have limitations either in material availability for high performance or in optical clarity. Here a hybrid platform is proposed for stretchable OLEDs free from such limitations. The proposed platform is composed of an array of rigid islands connected by serpentine‐shaped interconnectors formed on a bilayer elastomer substrate in which the top layer has an ultralow Young's modulus of ≈0.9 kPa, greatly relieving the rigid islands and interconnectors of the mechanical stress applied to them when stretched. With the proposed platform, stretchable OLEDs are demonstrated that can be repeatedly stretched by 140% and are based on thermally evaporable materials well established for fabrication of high‐performance OLEDs.

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“…Flexible OLEDs have also demonstrated performance and operation reliability, making them suitable for healthcare applications in addition to the display market. 4 Accordingly, various studies are being actively conducted using flexible OLEDs, 5,6 for example, in oximeter sensors 7 and light therapy. 8,9 Among the various photonic skin-based healthcare applications, they have recently been studied for phototherapeutics because the technique is noninvasive, can be used for various effects, and is safe.…”

Section: Objective and Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible organic light‐emitting‐diode‐based photonic skin for attachable phototherapeutics

et al. 2020

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Phototherapeutics is both safely noninvasive and can be employed to treat a variety of sites and diseases. Current rigid and bulky conventional light sources, such as LED or laser-based phototherapy devices, are difficult to transport and use for regular irradiation treatments. To solve this problem, flexible organic light-emitting diode (OLED) light sources are the best candidates, and if applied very thinly as a skin-like platform, the ultimate attachable phototherapeutics can be realized. We demonstrated a very thin flexible OLEDbased photonic skin with a total thickness of 6 μm for application in attachable phototherapeutics. It was optimized by controlling the peak wavelengths (600-700 nm) and irradiation interval of the flexible OLED thus improving the regeneration effect of the artificial skin by up to 70%. In addition, when the flexible OLED-based photonic skin was attached to a dressing film before being applied to the skin, it delivered the same electro-optical properties, while protecting against external contamination. The OLED skin on the dressing film had an operating lifetime of more than 100 h. These results confirmed the applicability of flexible OLED-based photonic skin to various light treatment areas, such as surgical wounds that require periodic irradiation.

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Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes: Pushing Toward the Limits and Beyond

Cited by 264 publications

References 146 publications

Phosphorescent Manganese(II) Complexes and Their Emerging Applications

Phosphorescent Manganese(II) Complexes and Their Emerging Applications

Realizing Stretchable OLEDs: A Hybrid Platform Based on Rigid Island Arrays on a Stress‐Relieving Bilayer Structure

Flexible organic light‐emitting‐diode‐based photonic skin for attachable phototherapeutics

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