Organic markers and OC source apportionment for seasonal variations of PM2.5 at 5 rural sites in France

Arabitol, mannitol, and glucose as tracers of primary biogenic organic aerosol: the influence of environmental factors on ambient air concentrations and spatial distribution over France

“…Based on parallel measurements of spore counts and PM 10 polyol concentrations at three sites within the area of Vienna (Austria), Bauer et al (2008) found an average arabitol and mannitol content per fungal spores of, respectively, 1.2 pg per spore (range 0.8-1.8 pg per spore) and 1.7 pg per spore (range 1.2-2.4 pg per spore). Mannitol and arabitol have also often been identified in the green algae and lower plants Di Filippo et al, 2013;Gosselin et al, 2016;Vélëz et al, 2007;Xu et al, 2018;Zhang et al, 2010). Gosselin et al (2016) observed a relatively low (R 2 = 0.31) to high (R 2 = 0.84) coefficient of determination between mannitol and arabitol for total suspended particles (TSPs) collected at a pine-forested area during dry and rainy periods, respectively.…”

“…Mannitol and arabitol have also often been identified in the green algae and lower plants Di Filippo et al, 2013;Gosselin et al, 2016;Vélëz et al, 2007;Xu et al, 2018;Zhang et al, 2010). Gosselin et al (2016) observed a relatively low (R 2 = 0.31) to high (R 2 = 0.84) coefficient of determination between mannitol and arabitol for total suspended particles (TSPs) collected at a pine-forested area during dry and rainy periods, respectively. High correlation in rainy periods possibly suggested that both chemical species in the TSP fraction in this pineforested area could have been derived mainly from the same sources, i.e., actively wet-discharged ascospores and basidiospores, while the relatively poor correlation in dry periods could likely have been due to more complex sources (dry discharged spores, plants, algae, etc.).…”

“…Recently, source-specific tracer methodologies have been introduced to estimate their contribution to aerosol loadings Gosselin et al, 2016;Li et al, 2018;Medeiros et al, 2006b;Verma et al, 2018;. Indeed, atmospheric organic aerosols (OAs) contain specific chemical species that can be used as reliable biomarkers in tracing the sources and abundance of PBOA (Bauer et al, 2008;Gosselin et al, 2016;Holden et al, 2011;Jia et al, 2010;Li et al, 2018;Medeiros et al, 2006b;Wang et al, 2018).…”

“…Recently, source-specific tracer methodologies have been introduced to estimate their contribution to aerosol loadings Gosselin et al, 2016;Li et al, 2018;Medeiros et al, 2006b;Verma et al, 2018;. Indeed, atmospheric organic aerosols (OAs) contain specific chemical species that can be used as reliable biomarkers in tracing the sources and abundance of PBOA (Bauer et al, 2008;Gosselin et al, 2016;Holden et al, 2011;Jia et al, 2010;Li et al, 2018;Medeiros et al, 2006b;Wang et al, 2018). For instance, among sugar alcohols, arabitol and mannitol (two common storage soluble carbohydrates in fungi) have been recognized as tracers for airborne fungi, and their concentrations are widely used to estimate PBOA contributions to OA mass Bauer et al, 2008;Buiarelli et al, 2013;Golly et al, 2018;Medeiros et al, 2006b;Samaké et al, 2019;Srivastava et al, 2018;Verma et al, 2018;Weber et al, 2018Weber et al, , 2019.…”

“…It is commonly acknowledged that SCs (particularly arabitol and mannitol) originate from primary biogenically derived sources such as bacterial, fungal spores, and plant materials Golly et al, 2018;Gosselin et al, 2016;Holden et al, 2011;Kang et al, 2018;Medeiros et al, 2006b;Wan et al, 2019;Yan et al, 2019;Yttri et al, 2007;Zhu et al, 2018a). Some studies have characterized the composition of SC in topsoil samples (for fractions larger than PM 10 ) from both natural (i.e., uncultivated) and agri-cultural regions (Medeiros et al, 2006a;Rogge et al, 2007;Simoneit et al, 2004;Wan and Yu, 2007).…”