Organic Matter and Nitrogen Build-Ups in Some Puerto Rican Soil Profiles

Smith, Richard M.; Samuels, George; Cernuda, C. F.

doi:10.1097/00010694-195112000-00001

Cited by 23 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Soil C levels also remained relatively constant over the 1 yr of measurement. Over longer times (3 to 5 yr) soil C has increased under mulched as compared to burned residue management (Viega et al, 1962;Samuels and Lopes, 1952), although this increase is not consistent (Smith et al, 1951).…”

Section: Postharvest Burn and Mulch Effects On Soil Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residue Management Effects on Sugarcane Yield and Soil Properties in Northeastern Brazil

Ball-Coelho

Tiessen²,

Stewart³

et al. 1993

Agronomy Journal

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Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) production systems commonly include preharvest or postharvest burning to dispose of residue. In northeastern Brazil, no‐burn mulching practices are being introduced as a labor‐intensive but environmentally more friendly alternative. We examined the effect of burning crop residues on sugarcane yield and C, N, and P cycles. Carbon, N, and P losses during preharvest burning were measured for a sugarcane first ratoon crop. Postharvest burn and mulch treatments were compared for a plant crop grown on an Oxic Haplustult soil. During the preharvest burn of the first ratoon crop, 2600 kg C ha−1, 17 kg N ha−1 and 1 kg P ha−1 were lost by convection. The postharvest burn of the plant crop residue resulted in losses of 4800 kg C ha−1 and 42 kg N ha−1; P losses were undetectable in the burn. The postharvest burn of the plant crop residue had no significant effect on total C or NH4‐N plus organic N in soil during the first ratoon crop cycle. Soil pH in the top 7.5 cm layer of soil did not change after the postharvest burn, but increased 1.1 units in the top 1‐cm layer. In the unburned mulch treatment, the litter layer did not reduce tillering or N and P uptake. Harvestable cane yield of the first ratoon crop was 17 Mg ha−1 (wet wt.) greater in the mulch than the burn treatment (54 vs. 37 Mg ha−1). This yield response was attributed to increased soil water retention and reduced weed growth under the mulch. In this short‐term trial, mulching proved to be an alternative to the traditional burn system.

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Section: Postharvest Burn and Mulch Effects On Soil Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residue Management Effects on Sugarcane Yield and Soil Properties in Northeastern Brazil

Ball-Coelho

Tiessen²,

Stewart³

et al. 1993

Agronomy Journal

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“…per acre in a 17-year eriod: equilibrium level. The ra id increase of organic matter on eroded land Smith, Samuels, and Cernuda (1951) in Puerto Rico is also only to be expected in soil where the organic-matter level is much below equilibrium.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Increases in the Carbon and Nitrogen Contents of Tropical Soils Under Natural Fallows

Greenland

Nye

1959

Journal of Soil Science

114

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The rate of increase of humus carbon in soils rested under natural fallows has been calculated, assuming that the rate of decomposition of the humus carbon is proportional to the amount present, and that the rate of addition, by humification of litter and roots, remains constant. The rate of decomposition has been derived from a knowledge of the maximum humus level the soil attains under the fallow vegetation, and the rate of addition has been estimated from data on litter production. The rate of increase of nitrogen has also been calculated assuming that the C/N ratio in the soil remains constant. Under the native practice of shifting cultivation in forest the alternation of cropping and fallowing leads to relatively small fluctuations in soil humus at about 75 per cent. of the maximum level. The rates of increase of soil nitrogen at this level are between 20 and 50 lb. per acre per annum in forest and 4 and 10 lb. per acre per annum in savannah. Rates at other levels for which the assumptions made are valid may readily be calculated from the data presented. It is shown that provided vegetation reestablishes itself rapidly a crop : fallow ratio of about I : 3 should maintain the humus level in forest soils at the 75 per cent. of equilibrium level, a result which accords well with experience.

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“…The organic-carbon versus depth curves show a relatively high organic-matter content (3^-6 percent for soils of comparable texture) in the surface horizons which correlates with the dark colors and granular structure observed in the field. The content of organic matter decreases rapidly with depth, more so than reported for soils developed under similar conditions in Hawaii (Cline and others, 1955;Dean, 1937) and in Puerto Rico (Smith, Samuels, and Cernuda, 1951), but still remains at a higher level in the B horizon than for many well-drained soils of the United States Midwest. Data from an earlier study by Kawamura, Tanaka, and Inagaki (1940) indicate a stabilization of C: N at 11-12 (see table 2).…”

Section: Geology Of Saipan Mariana Islandsmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…Eecent studies indicate, however, that the content of organic matter and nitrogen within many latosolic profiles is relatively high -significant amounts have been found at depths of 2 or 3 feet-although there may be little or no surface litter. This has been reported for Puerto Rican soils by Smith, Samuels, and Cernuda (1951); for Hawaiian soils by Cline and others (1955) and by Dean (1937) ; for Colombia by Jenny (1950); and for certain soils of the Belgian Congo by Kellogg and Davol (1949). The Hawaii and Puerto Rico investigators suggest that the luxuriant vegetation formed by year-round high temperatures favors accumulation of organic matter and nitrogen at a greater rate than oxidation and bacterial decomposition.…”

Section: Vegetationmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Although the incidence of legumes may be relatively high in the Saipan flora, symbiotoc nitrogen fixation does not necessarily follow. The discussion of Smith, Samuels, and Cernuda (1951) seems applicable to Saipan; that is, the frost-free yearround growing season encourages luxuriant vegetation which causes organic matter and nitrogen accumulation in the soil profile.…”

Section: Vegetationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geology of Saipan, Mariana Islands; Part 2, Petrology and soils

Schmidt¹,

Johnson²,

McCracken³

1957

Professional Paper

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The rocks that comprise the volcanic formations of Saipan are of two principal types: dacites, which are characteristically glassy, and andesites, which are comparatively crystalline. The dacites consist primarily of silicic glass, oligoclase, and silica minerals (quartz, tridymite, cristobalite, chalcedony, and opal). Minor constituents in these rocks are green hornblende, biotite, magnetite, and hematite. The andesites are composed principally of labradorite, hypersthene, augite, and subcalcrc augite. Minor but also characteristic constituents of the andesites are quartz, tridymite, cristobalite, anorthoclase, and accessory magnetite, ilmenite, rutile, and apatite. Nine varieties of dacite and andesite are recognized on the basis of chemical composition, mineralogy, and texture. These are dacite, dacite vitrophyre, dacite perlite, hornblende-bearing dacite porphyry, augite-hypersthene andesite, quartz-bearing augite-hypersthene andesite, quartz-bearing augite-hypersthene andesite porphyry, augite andesite, and hypersthene andesite. Chemically, the volcanic rocks of Saipan are characterized by a high silica and alumina content and a low potash, titanium dioxide, and phosphorus pentoxide content. Quartz is universally present in the norm, attaining as much as 49 percent in the dacites. The andesites are extremely calcic and contain a large excess of lime over alkalies. The andesites and dacites of Saipan generally are close in composition to volcanic rocks of other islands in the system of arcs extending from Japan to the Palau Islands. Apparently the great bulk of the volcanic rocks in this region belong to a characteristic calc-alkaline suite and form a well-defined petrographic province. The general uniformity of composition of the rocks throughout the province is a reflection of origin under similar geological conditions. Many features of the andesites and dacites of Saipan, especially the high silica content and peraluminous nature of the dacites, are difficult to reconcile with simple differentiation of a primary basaltic magma. Providing these rocks are related to ancestral basalts, it seems necessary to assume assimilation of important amounts of siliceous and aluminous crustal material to account for their composition. The absence of basalts on Saipan, and the wide compositional gap between the andesites and dacites, may indicate that the andesitic and dacitic magmas originated independently. Volcanism is a normal accompaniment to the structural development of the island arcs which border the western and northern Pacific Basin, and this suggests that igneous activity and structural evolution of the arcs are interrelated phenomena. The andesites and dacites of Saipan lie within the western part of the circum-Paciflc province in which the characteristic volcanic association is basalt, andesite, dacite, and rhyolite or 388406-57-2 some combination of these types. This rock kindred is in marked contrast to that of the adjacent intra-Pacific or Pacific Basin province in which the typical rock association is d...

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Organic Matter and Nitrogen Build-Ups in Some Puerto Rican Soil Profiles

Cited by 23 publications

References 0 publications

Residue Management Effects on Sugarcane Yield and Soil Properties in Northeastern Brazil

Residue Management Effects on Sugarcane Yield and Soil Properties in Northeastern Brazil

Increases in the Carbon and Nitrogen Contents of Tropical Soils Under Natural Fallows

Geology of Saipan, Mariana Islands; Part 2, Petrology and soils

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