Organic matter and trace element rich sapropels and black shales: a geochemical comparison

Nijenhuis, Ivar A; Bosch, Hendrik-Jan; Damsté, Jaap S Sinninghe; Brumsack, Hans‐Jürgen; Lange, Gert J. de

doi:10.1016/s0012-821x(99)00083-7

Cited by 124 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Thomson et al, 1999;Nijenhuis et al, 1999;Erbacher et al, 2001), these results may also have wider implications. In their model calculations for global ocean C, P and O cycling, Ingall (1994, 1996) assumed that CFA formation and burial increased substantially during ocean anoxia as a result of increased primary production.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Controls on phosphorus regeneration and burial during formation of eastern Mediterranean sapropels

2004

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The carbon (C) and phosphorus (P) geochemistry of sapropels from four sites in the eastern Mediterranean Sea was determined to obtain more insight into the role of differences in sediment accumulation rates and bottom water anoxia on P regeneration and burial in sediments. Sediment C org /P org (with org = organic) ratios above Redfield indicate enhanced regeneration of P relative to C from organic matter during formation of the most recent sapropel S1 and a Pliocene sapropel (ODP-site 969E; i-282c). Release of P from Fe-oxides was relatively unimportant. Increased burial of Ca-P (authigenic carbonate fluorapatite and/or biogenic hydroxyapatite) occurred but was of minor importance compared to the enhanced P release from organic matter. For sapropel S1, C org /P org and C org /P reac , (with reac = reactive, defined as the sum of organic, Fe-bound, authigenic and biogenic Ca-P) ratios decreased with increasing sedimentation rate and oxygen exposure and decreasing water depth. Whether the water column in the deep basin was dysoxic/semi-euxinic (S1) or euxinic (Pliocene) does not appear to affect the estimated burial efficiencies of P org and P reac . Enhanced C org burial under the euxinic water column explains the much higher C org /P org and C org /P reac ratios in the Pliocene sapropel (on average V2860 and V760, respectively) compared to sapropel S1 (on average V530 and V160, respectively). ß

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Controls on phosphorus regeneration and burial during formation of eastern Mediterranean sapropels

2004

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“…Cyclical deposition of interbedded organic-rich sapropels and organiclean marls in the eastern Mediterranean has been linked to orbital forcing of the African monsoon [30][31][32] , with water-column stratification and inhibited deep-water renewal contributing to OM enrichment in sapropel intervals 32,33 . Sediment lamination, elevated concentrations of redox-sensitive trace elements 28 , an abundance of framboidal pyrite 34 and the presence of isorenieretane 35 , a biomarker characteristic of photosynthetic green sulphur bacteria, indicate that the ODP Site 969 Pliocene sapropels investigated here were deposited under anoxic and periodically sulfidic conditions. BSE imaging shows that OM in the lower-most part of the sapropels occurs mainly as 5-15 mm organoclay aggregates and grains.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Sapropels are utilized as analogues for the widespread, high-TOC black shales that characterize the Palaeozoic and Mesozoic Oceanic Anoxic Events 28,29 . Sapropel intervals are relatively thin (1-10 s of cm) compared with many of the Mesozoic black shales (10 s of cm to 10 s of m), and meiofaunal pellets are restricted to the top 3-4 cm of each sapropel due to less severe bottom or pore-water conditions in this upper interval.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Pliocene sapropels are a classic low-oxygen facies commonly used as an analogue system for the widespread, organic carbon-rich black shales that characterize economically and oceanographically important intervals in the Palaeozoic and Mesozoic 28,29 . We image compositional differences using backscatter electron (BSE) microscopy of ion polished samples to demonstrate that meiofauna pre-dated macrofaunal burrowing, providing a leading edge of irrigation and pelletization in low-oxygen sediments.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Micro-trace fossils reveal pervasive reworking of Pliocene sapropels by low-oxygen-adapted benthic meiofauna

Löhr

Kennedy

2015

Nat Commun

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Animal burrowers leave an indelible signature on the sedimentary record in most marine environments, with the seeming exception of low-oxygen environments. In modern sedimentary settings, however, sub-millimetre-sized benthic animals (meiofauna) are adapted to low oxygen and even sulfidic conditions. Almost nothing is known about their impact on ancient marine sediments because they leave few recognizable traces. Here we show, in classic Pliocene-aged anoxic facies from the Mediterranean, the first reported trace fossil evidence of meiofaunal activity and its relation to changing oxygenation. A novel approach utilizing electron imaging of ion-polished samples shows that meiofauna pervasively reworked sediment under oxygen-depleted conditions that excluded macrofauna, fragmenting organic laminae and emplacing 15-to 70-mm-diameter faecal pellets without macroscopically influencing the fabric. The extent of reworking raises the question: how pervasively altered are other sediments presently assumed to lack animal influence and how far into the geological record does this influence extend?

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“…(Förstner et al, 1980). Nijenhuis et al, (1999) reported that the enrichment of trace elements in marine sediments may, in general, originate from the following sources; super and subjacent sediments, through diagenesis; suboxic shelf and slope sediments, hydrothermal input; aeolian input; fluvial runoff; sea water. Heavy metal levels in sediment from the Black Sea were investigated by many researchers (Ergul et al, 2008;Topcuoglu et al, 2002;and2004, Strezov et al, 2003) that measured heavy metal concentrations in sediment samples and found dependence upon seasonal changes within the water column as well as anthropogenic and geological inputs such as weathering and run-off from landbased sources.…”

Section: Heavy Metal Levels In Black Sea Sedimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Environment – Monitoring of Radionuclide and Heavy Metal Accumulation in Sediments, Algae and Biota in Black Sea Marine Ecosystems

Strezov¹

2012

Environmental Contamination

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Organic matter and trace element rich sapropels and black shales: a geochemical comparison

Cited by 124 publications

References 40 publications

Controls on phosphorus regeneration and burial during formation of eastern Mediterranean sapropels

Controls on phosphorus regeneration and burial during formation of eastern Mediterranean sapropels

Micro-trace fossils reveal pervasive reworking of Pliocene sapropels by low-oxygen-adapted benthic meiofauna

Sustainable Environment – Monitoring of Radionuclide and Heavy Metal Accumulation in Sediments, Algae and Biota in Black Sea Marine Ecosystems

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