Organic matter production response to CO 2 increase in open subarctic plankton communities: Comparison of six microcosm experiments under iron-limited and -enriched bloom conditions

Yoshimura, Takeshi; Sugie, Koji; Endo, Hisashi; Suzuki, Koji; Nishioka, Jun; Ono, Tsuneo

doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2014.08.004

Cited by 22 publications

(33 citation statements)

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“…For example, CO 2 stimulation as well as lack of stimulation were found for primary production and carbon fixation (Beardall et al, 2009;Boettjer et al, 2014), DOC release (Engel et al, 2014;MacGilchrist et al, 2014) and phytoplankton growth (Riebesell and Tortell, 2011). An interaction of CO 2 effects with phosphorus and iron avail- ability has been found by Sun et al (2011) for a diatom Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries and by Yoshimura et al (2014) for a diatom-dominated subarctic plankton community. Thus, responses of organisms and ecosystems to enhanced CO 2 concentrations are complex and still poorly understood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of CO<sub>2</sub> perturbation on phosphorus pool sizes and uptake in a mesocosm experiment during a low productive summer season in the northern Baltic Sea

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Studies investigating the effect of increasing CO 2 levels on the phosphorus cycle in natural waters are lacking although phosphorus often controls phytoplankton development in many aquatic systems. The aim of our study was to analyse effects of elevated CO 2 levels on phosphorus pool sizes and uptake. The phosphorus dynamic was followed in a CO 2 -manipulation mesocosm experiment in the Storfjärden (western Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea) in summer 2012 and was also studied in the surrounding fjord water. In all mesocosms as well as in surface waters of Storfjärden, dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) concentrations of 0.26 ± 0.03 and 0.23 ± 0.04 µmol L −1 , respectively, formed the main fraction of the total P-pool (TP), whereas phosphate (PO 4 ) constituted the lowest fraction with mean concentration of 0.15 ± 0.02 in the mesocosms and 0.17 ± 0.07 µmol L −1 in the fjord. Transformation of PO 4 into DOP appeared to be the main pathway of PO 4 turnover. About 82 % of PO 4 was converted into DOP whereby only 18 % of PO 4 was transformed into particulate phosphorus (PP). PO 4 uptake rates measured in the mesocosms ranged between 0.6 and 3.9 nmol L −1 h −1 . About 86 % of them was realized by the size fraction < 3 µm. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) uptake revealed that additional P was supplied from organic compounds accounting for 25-27 % of P provided by PO 4 only. CO 2 additions did not cause significant changes in phosphorus (P) pool sizes, DOP composition, and uptake of PO 4 and ATP when the whole study period was taken into account. However, significant short-term effects were observed for PO 4 and PP pool sizes in CO 2 treatments > 1000 µatm during periods when phytoplankton biomass increased. In addition, we found significant relationships (e.g., between PP and Chl a) in the untreated mesocosms which were not observed under high f CO 2 conditions. Consequently, it can be hypothesized that the relationship between PP formation and phytoplankton growth changed with CO 2 elevation. It can be deduced from the results, that visible effects of CO 2 on P pools are coupled to phytoplankton growth when the transformation of PO 4 into POP was stimulated. The transformation of PO 4 into DOP on the other hand does not seem to be affected. Additionally, there were some indications that cellular mechanisms of P regulation might be modified unPublished by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 3036M. Nausch et al.: Effects of CO 2 perturbation on phosphorus pool sizes der CO 2 elevation changing the relationship between cellular constituents.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of CO<sub>2</sub> perturbation on phosphorus pool sizes and uptake in a mesocosm experiment during a low productive summer season in the northern Baltic Sea

et al. 2016

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“…In the Gulf of Alaska, a HNLC area, four experiments under Felimited conditions were performed by Hopkinson et al (2010) and only one site presented an increase in primary production at elevated pCO 2 levels. Furthermore, the CO 2 effect was much smaller than the effect of Fe addition, as also shown in several experiments in the ironlimited areas of the Bering Sea and of the North Pacific Sugie et al 2013;Yoshimura et al, 2013Yoshimura et al, , 2014. These experiments conducted between 2007 and 2009 in 12 L bottles have shown that the response in terms of POC production or photosynthetic efficiency varied depending on the studied sites as well as Fe nutritional status (see Yoshimura et al 2014 for further details).…”

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confidence: 82%

“…Furthermore, the CO 2 effect was much smaller than the effect of Fe addition, as also shown in several experiments in the ironlimited areas of the Bering Sea and of the North Pacific Sugie et al 2013;Yoshimura et al, 2013Yoshimura et al, , 2014. These experiments conducted between 2007 and 2009 in 12 L bottles have shown that the response in terms of POC production or photosynthetic efficiency varied depending on the studied sites as well as Fe nutritional status (see Yoshimura et al 2014 for further details). During the first cruise, while no effect of pCO 2 was found in the North Pacific, in the Bering Sea, quantitative and qualitative changes in the production of particulate and dissolved organic matter were observed with increasing pCO 2 .…”

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confidence: 82%

No detectable effect of ocean acidification on plankton metabolism in the NW oligotrophic Mediterranean Sea: Results from two mesocosm studies

Maugendre

Gattuso

Poulton

et al. 2017

Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science

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respectively, and were subjected to seven pCO 2 levels (3 control and 6 elevated levels). The metabolism of the community was studied using several methods based on in situ incubations (oxygen light-dark, 18 O and 14 C uptake). Increasing pCO 2 had no significant effect on gross primary production, net community production, particulate and dissolved carbon production, as well as on community respiration. These two mesocosm experiments, the first performed under maintained low nutrient and low chlorophyll, suggest that in large areas of the ocean, increasing pCO 2 levels may not lead to a significant change in plankton metabolic rates and sea surface biological carbon fixation.

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“…In particular, little is known about environmental forcing of mesozooplankton in the mesopelagic realm, and the study of zooplankton functional traits (Litchman et al, 2013;Vogt et al, 2013) in conjunction with advanced foodweb modeling (Stock et al, 2014b) offers the best prospect of advancing this field. It is also evident that although up to nine individual properties were considered in the 1-D model here, there are many gaps in our understanding on how complex climate change (i.e., multi-stressors, for example see Yoshimura et al, 2014) will influence the many "moving parts" of the biological pump in both surface and subsurface waters. Hence, a regional approach to this issue may be necessary to simplify this task as much as possible, before we can address global changes to a future biological pump with more certainty.…”

Section: Improving Estimates Of the Performance Of An Altered Biologimentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward quantifying the response of the oceans' biological pump to climate change

Boyd

2015

Front. Mar. Sci.

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The biological pump makes a major global contribution to the sequestration of carbon-rich particles in the oceans' interior. This pump has many component parts from physics to ecology that together control its efficiency in exporting particles. Hence, the influence of climate change on the functioning and magnitude of the pump is likely to be complex and non-linear. Here, I employ a published 1-D coupled surface-subsurface Particulate Organic Carbon (POC) export flux model to systematically explore the potential influence of changing oceanic conditions on each of the pump's "moving parts," in both surface and subsurface waters. These simulations were run for typical high (High Nutrient Low Chlorophyll, HNLC) and low (Low Nutrient Low Chlorophyll, LNLC) latitude sites. Next, I couple pump components that have common drivers, such as temperature, to investigate more complex scenarios involving concurrent climate-change mediated alteration of multiple "moving parts" of the pump. Model simulations reveal that in the surface ocean, changes to algal community structure (i.e., a shift toward small cells) has the greatest individual influence (decreased flux) on downward POC flux in the coming decades. In subsurface waters, a shift in zooplankton community structure has the greatest single effect on POC flux (decreased) in a future ocean. More complex treatments, in which up to 10 individual factors (across both surface and subsurface processes) were concurrently altered, ∼ halved the POC flux at both high and low latitudes. In general climate-mediated changes to surface ocean processes had a greater effect on the magnitude of POC flux than alteration of subsurface processes, some of which negated one another. This relatively simple 1-D model provides initial insights into the most influential processes that may alter the future performance of this pump, and more importantly reveals many knowledge gaps that require urgent attention before we can accurately quantify future changes to the biological pump.

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Organic matter production response to CO 2 increase in open subarctic plankton communities: Comparison of six microcosm experiments under iron-limited and -enriched bloom conditions

Cited by 22 publications

References 84 publications

Effects of CO<sub>2</sub> perturbation on phosphorus pool sizes and uptake in a mesocosm experiment during a low productive summer season in the northern Baltic Sea

Effects of CO<sub>2</sub> perturbation on phosphorus pool sizes and uptake in a mesocosm experiment during a low productive summer season in the northern Baltic Sea

No detectable effect of ocean acidification on plankton metabolism in the NW oligotrophic Mediterranean Sea: Results from two mesocosm studies

Toward quantifying the response of the oceans' biological pump to climate change

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Organic matter production response to CO 2 increase in open subarctic plankton communities: Comparison of six microcosm experiments under iron-limited and -enriched bloom conditions

Cited by 22 publications

References 84 publications

Effects of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; perturbation on phosphorus pool sizes and uptake in a mesocosm experiment during a low productive summer season in the northern Baltic Sea

Effects of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; perturbation on phosphorus pool sizes and uptake in a mesocosm experiment during a low productive summer season in the northern Baltic Sea

No detectable effect of ocean acidification on plankton metabolism in the NW oligotrophic Mediterranean Sea: Results from two mesocosm studies

Toward quantifying the response of the oceans' biological pump to climate change

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Product

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Effects of CO<sub>2</sub> perturbation on phosphorus pool sizes and uptake in a mesocosm experiment during a low productive summer season in the northern Baltic Sea

Effects of CO<sub>2</sub> perturbation on phosphorus pool sizes and uptake in a mesocosm experiment during a low productive summer season in the northern Baltic Sea