Organic monoliths for hydrophilic interaction electrochromatography/chromatography and immunoaffinity chromatography

Abstract

This article is aimed at providing a review of the progress made over the past decade in the preparation of polar monoliths for hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)/capillary electrochromatography (HI-CEC) and in the design of immuno-monoliths for immunoaffinity chromatography (IAC) that are based on some of the polar monolith precursors used in HILIC/HI-CEC. In addition, this review article discusses some of the applications of polar monoliths by HILIC and HI-CEC, and the applications of immuno-monoliths. This article is by no means an exhaustive review of the literature; it is rather a survey of the recent progress made in the field with 83 references published in the past decade on the topics of HILIC and IAC monoliths.

Recent advances in preparation and application of hybrid organic‐silica monolithic capillary columns

“…Their much higher external porosity compared to conventional particle-packed columns minimize the pore diffusion and mass transfer resistance, resulting in higher permeability and low-pressure drop with higher separation efficiency [1][2][3][4]. As a result, monolithic columns become an excellent tool in the analytical laboratory, not only for separation fields covering RP, ion-exchange, hydrophilic interaction, size exclusion, and affinity chromatography etc., but also for sample preparation including SPE or solid-phase microextraction (SPME), and as basis for immobilized enzyme reactors (IMERs) [5][6][7][8][9][10][11].…”

"DEVELOPMENT OF Ti4+-IMMOBILIZED NANOPOROUS MONOLITHIC POLYMER FOR SELECTIVE SEPARATION AND DETECTION OF PHOSPHOPEPTIDES "

“…[4][5][6] There are many reports of monolithic columns using silica, organic polymer, and hybrid inorganic-organic materials. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13] The application of monoliths has been extended from the original separation media to microreactors and solid phase extractors. [14][15][16] The utilization of monolithic capillary column with inner diameters of 75-250 µm is more preferred in miniaturized system and analysis, because such capillary columns are well-suited in the field of life sciences, which the amount of sample is limited.…”

Preparation and evaluation of poly(alkyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) monolithic columns for separating polar small molecules by capillary liquid chromatography

“…Since the introduction of polymer-based monoliths in early 1990s [1,2], the polymer-based monoliths have served as stationary phases in different types of chromatographic separation modes such as reversed-phase capillary liquid chromatography (LC) [3][4][5][6][7][8], ion-exchange chromatography [9][10][11][12], and capillary electrochromatography (CEC) [13][14][15]. A number of review articles have been published to discuss the chemistry of monolith polymerization [16,17] as well as the development and applications [18][19][20][21] of polymer-based monoliths.…”