Organic Mulches, Wood Products, and Composts as Soil Amendments and Conditioners

Stratton, Margie Lynn; Rechcigl, J. E.

doi:10.1201/9781003064688-4

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Compost incorporation into agricultural fields is a means of improving the soil physical qualities (Bauduin et al, 1987; Stratton et al, 1995). There has also been widespread interest in improving the functions of urban soil post‐construction by incorporating compost into the compacted soil (Albiach et al, 2000; Crogger, 2005; Kranz et al, 2020, 2022) with typical application rates up to 50% compost by volume.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of compost amendment rate and level of compaction on the hydraulic functioning of soils

Kranz

McLaughlin

Amoozegar

et al. 2023

J American Water Resour Assoc

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There has been widespread interest in using compost to improve the hydrologic functions of degraded soils at construction sites for reducing runoff and increasing infiltration. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of compost amendment rate on saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) and water retention in order to identify target compost rates for enhancing soil hydrologic functions. Samples were prepared with three soil textures (sandy loam, silt loam, and sandy clay loam), amended with compost at 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%. All soils were tested at a porosity of 0.5 m3/m3, and the sandy loam was further tested at high (0.55 m3/m3) and low (0.4 m3/m3) porosities. The Ks and water retention data were then used to model infiltration with HYDRUS‐1D. With increasing compost amendment rate, Ks and water retention of the mixtures generally increased at the medium porosity level, with more compost needed in heavier soils. As porosity decreased in the sandy loam soil, the amount of compost needed to improve Ks rose from 20% to 50%. Water distribution in pore fractions (gravitational, plant‐available, and unavailable water) depended on texture, with only the highest compost rates increasing plant‐available water in one soil. Results suggest soil texture should be taken into consideration when choosing a compost rate in order to achieve soil improvement goals. Hydrologic benefits may be limited even at a high rate of compost amendment if soil is compacted.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compost incorporation into agricultural fields is a means of improving the soil physical qualities (Bauduin et al, 1987;Stratton et al, 1995).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of compost amendment rate and level of compaction on the hydraulic functioning of soils

Kranz

McLaughlin

Amoozegar

et al. 2023

J American Water Resour Assoc

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“…The soil has an average of 12% clay, 75% silt, and 13% sand. Eighteen (18) field plots (22 m × 3.7 m each) were used to investigate the persistence of devrinol, treflan, and diazinon in soil following the addition of soil amendments. The 18 plots (3 soil treatments × 6 replicates) were separated using metal borders 20 cm above ground level to prevent cross contamination between adjacent treatments.…”

Section: Field Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The addition of organic amendment to agricultural soil increased soil microbiological activity [13][14][15][16] due to their content of simple natural molecules, such as sugar and amino acids. The use of organic amendments provides organic matter and essential nutrients beneficial for improving soil composition and nutrient level [14], and commonly stimulates soil bacterial population [9,11,17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring the Persistence of Devrinol, Diazinon, and Trifluralin Residues in Soil Following Application of Organic Amendments

Antonįous¹

2022

IJAAS

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Pesticides have the potential mobility from the site of application to natural water resources leading to surface water quality problems. Binding pesticides to soil lead to immobilization preventing their mobility into surface water and enhancing their availability for degradation by soil microorganisms and their secreting enzymes. The impact of low-cost organic amendments used in agricultural operations on the persistence of three pesticides; devrinol, diazinon, and trifluralin in agricultural soil was investigated. Pesticide residues in sewage sludge (SS), farm compost (Comp), and no-mulch (NM) control treatment following field application were monitored at different time intervals using solvent partitioning and gas chromatographic procedure (GC). Half-life (T 1/2 ) values of the three pesticides in soil were determined under three farming practices to investigate how long each pesticide remains in each soil treatment. Results revealed the retention of devrinol by 30%, diazinon by 55%, and trifluralin by 80% in soil amended with SS compared to sole NM soil used as control treatment. This practice might prevent the off-site movement of pesticides. Devrinol T 1/2 value of 14.1 days was significantly (P≤ 0.05) lower in soil amended with Comp compared to SS amended soil due to its high dissipation constant (K). Diazinon residues fluctuated during the first week after spraying and started to decline, reaching a minimum value of 0.004 µg g -1 soil at 35 days after spraying. Its T 1/2 value of 10.6 days was significantly lower in SS amended soil compared to Comp waste and control treatments (15.8 and 18.5 days, respectively). Trifluralin residues in NM soil showed a low dissipation constant and greater (T 1/2 ) value of 116 days. Its dissipation and degradation in soil amended with Comp and SS indicated half-life (T 1/2 ) values of 48.5 and 34.6 days, respectively. The low adsorptive capacity of devrinol due to its high-water solubility requires minimizing its application rates in agricultural regions to prevent environmental contamination of natural water resources.

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“…However, due to the shortage of manure in many regions resulting from the regionalization of animal production, other alternative and commonly available exogenous sources of organic matter are taken into account. These might include sewage sludge, bottom sediments, food sector waste, composted industrial and municipal waste, biogas plant digestate, and animal bone meal [7][8][9][10][11][12]. EOM derived from various materials and processes is characterized by diverse properties such as decomposition rate, availability of nutrients and dynamics of their release, sorption properties, and contaminant contents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Community Response to Various Types of Exogenous Organic Matter Applied to Soil

Siebielec,

Marzec-Grządziel,

Siebielec

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Recycling of solid biowaste and manure would reduce the dependence of agriculture on synthetic products. Most of the available studies on the effects of exogenous organic matter (EOM) application to soil were focused on nutrients and crop yield, with much less attention to microbiological processes in soil, especially using modern molecular methods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of various types of manure, sewage sludge and bottom sediment on the biochemical activity and biodiversity of soil and plant yield in a pot experiment. The soil was treated with a range of EOM types: six types of manure (cattle, pig, goat, poultry, rabbit and horse manure; two bottom sediments (from urban and rural systems); and two types of municipal sewage sludge. All EOMs stimulated dehydrogenases activity at a rate of 20 t ha−1. Alkaline phosphatase was mostly stimulated by poultry manure and one of the sludges. In general, the two-fold greater rate of EOMs did not further accelerate the soil enzymes. The functional diversity of the soil microbiome was stimulated the most by cattle and goat manure. EOMs produce a shift in distribution of the most abundant bacterial phyla and additionally introduce exogenous bacterial genera to soil. Poultry and horse manure introduced the greatest number of new genera that were able to survive the strong competition in soil. EOMs differentiated plant growth in our study, which was correlated to the rate of nitrate release to soil. The detailed impacts of particular amendments were EOM-specific, but in general, no harm for microbial parameters was observed for manure and sludge application, regardless of their type. There was also no proof that the PAH and pesticide contents measured in manure or sludge had any effect on microbial activity and diversity.

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Organic Mulches, Wood Products, and Composts as Soil Amendments and Conditioners

Cited by 9 publications

References 1 publication

Influence of compost amendment rate and level of compaction on the hydraulic functioning of soils

Influence of compost amendment rate and level of compaction on the hydraulic functioning of soils

Monitoring the Persistence of Devrinol, Diazinon, and Trifluralin Residues in Soil Following Application of Organic Amendments

Microbial Community Response to Various Types of Exogenous Organic Matter Applied to Soil

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