Organic Nanomaterials and Their Applications in the Treatment of Oral Diseases

Abstract

Abstract:There is a growing interest in the development of organic nanomaterials for biomedical applications. An increasing number of studies focus on the uses of nanomaterials with organic structure for regeneration of bone, cartilage, skin or dental tissues. Solid evidence has been found for several advantages of using natural or synthetic organic nanostructures in a wide variety of dental fields, from implantology, endodontics, and periodontics, to regenerative dentistry and wound healing. Most of the research is concentrated on nanoforms of chitosan, silk fibroin, synthetic polymers or their combinations, but new nanocomposites are constantly being developed. The present work reviews in detail current research on organic nanoparticles and their potential applications in the dental field.

Chitosan Modified Poly(lactic-Co-Glycolic) Acid Nanoparticles Interaction With Normal, Precancerous Keratinocytes and Dental Pulp Cells

“…[1][2][3] Recently, a wide variety of studies has been undertaken leading the way for possible future applications of PLGA NPs in a high number of dental fi elds, from periodontology and endodontics to tissue regeneration of skin, bone or cartilage. 28 Biocompatibility, biodegradability, fl exibility, and minimal side effects are the main advantages when using PLGA for biomedical applications. 4 However, the overall negative charge of these NPs has been reported to diminish their interaction with the negatively charged cell membrane, while the rapid opsonization of hydrophobic PLGA NPs is a major limitation …”

“…[7][8] Chitosan, the deacetylated derivative of chitin, is used as the coating polymer, because it is cationic, biocompatible and biodegradable. 28 Chitosanmodifi ed NPs were develloped for the transport of active molecules through nasal, ocular, vaginal or intestinal mucosa. 6 Original Articles 16-26. Chitosan nanocarriers could be used in future dental applications 9 such as in dentin pulp regeneration procedures, [10][11] in bone regeneration techniques, 12 in endodontics [13][14][15] or in periodontal therapy.…”

Chitosan Modified Poly(lactic-Co-Glycolic) Acid Nanoparticles Interaction With Normal, Precancerous Keratinocytes and Dental Pulp Cells

“…Chitosan is obtained from chitin which is a positively charged polysaccahride found in crustaceans. 28 Chitosan contains many amino and hydroxyl groups, thus it can bind effectively to negatively charged substances (such as the cells membranes) via electrostatic interactions or hydrogen bonding, thus improving the intracellular uptake. 9 Chitosan by itself is known to strongly adhere to negatively charged surfaces due to its high charge density at pH< 6.5.…”

The Antioxidant Effects of PLGA-based Nanoparticles Loaded with Vitamin E in Rats Treated with Hypercaloric Diet

“…PLGA-nanoparticles (NPs) are approved by FDA and currently used as drug deliver y systems for cancer, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative disorders, microbial, parasitic and viral infections, osteoporosis and even oral diseases. Bioavailability, biocompatibility, minimal toxic effects, sustained release and flexibility are the most important benefits of using PLGA [12][13][14][15][16]. An important role in nanoparticles' cellular uptake is played by size, electrical charge, solubility and even the way they are administered.…”