In the past decades,
great strides have been made in the synthesis
of hybrid nanocrystals (HNCs) consisting of two or more disparate
subunits (such as metals and/or semiconductors) joined through nanointerfaces,
which are intriguing due to their exceptional functionalities that
cannot be achieved by single-component nanosystems. The promising
and versatile applications of these HNCs are closely dependent on
the structural and electronic properties of the nanointerface between
subunits. This is because the compatibility of the lattice structures
between subunits not only determines the synthetic accessibility and
growth mechanisms of the HNCs on the thermodynamic basis but also
influences their interfacial characteristics (atomic arrangement,
lattice mismatch-induced strain or defects), configurations, crystallinity,
and the synergistic interplay of different subunits at the nanoscale.
As a result, nanointerface chemistry has attracted intense scientific
endeavors worldwide and spurred the rapid development of the lattice-mismatch-directed
precise synthesis. This review gives an overview of the main strategies
developed for delicate design and fabrication of core–shell
HNCs under different degrees of lattice mismatch (from 0.2% to larger
than 50%), including epitaxial seeded growth, nanoscale cation exchange,
cation exchange-facilitated nonepitaxial growth, etc. Moreover, as
for the core–shell HNCs with small (<5%) or moderate lattice
mismatch (∼5–20%), the significance of the lattice-strain
control at the nanointerface in maneuvering their functions toward
desired applications are discussed in detail. Regarding the core–shell
HNCs with large lattice mismatch (>20%), the challenges in precise
synthesis, the promising solutions enabled by cation exchange-facilitated
nonepitaxial growth, and the enhanced applications of the resulting
HNCs with strain-free nanointerface are elaborated. We conclude with
a personal perspective on the significance and urgency of fully harnessing
the effects of lattice mismatch to further advance the science of
synthesis and application of HNCs.