Organic Photorefractives:  Mechanisms, Materials, and Applications

Ostroverkhova, Oksana; Moerner, W. E.

doi:10.1021/cr960055c

Cited by 435 publications

(329 citation statements)

References 382 publications

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“…The interference of two laser beams in a photorefractive material establishes a refractive index grating. [1][2][3][4][5][6] When two laser beams interfere in an organic photorefractive material, charge generation occurs at the bright positions of the interference fringes. The generated charges diffuse or drift within the material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The generated charges diffuse or drift within the material. Because the mobilities of positive and negative charges are different in most organic materials, [3][4][5] a charge separated state is formed. The charge with high mobility diffuses over a longer distance than the charge with low mobility, so that while the low mobility charge stays in the bright areas, the high mobility charge moves to the dark areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Formation of Dynamic Hologram in Photorefractive Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals

Sasaki

Ikegami

Naka

2012

J. Photopol. Sci. Technol.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of Dynamic Hologram in Photorefractive Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals

Sasaki

Ikegami

Naka

2012

J. Photopol. Sci. Technol.

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“…In last decades, the two-beam coupling effect has been widely investigated in varieties of organic and inorganic compounds [1,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. In terms of organics, the electro-optic response and the build-up of a refractive index grating in liquid crystals arise from the reorientation of LCs molecules due to an induced space charge field.…”

Section: Holographic Materials and Optical Systems 484mentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-Wave Mixing in Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Structures for Dynamic Holography

Marinova¹,

Lin²,

Hsu³

2017

Holographic Materials and Optical Systems

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The chapter reviews recent progress of two-wave mixing in a novel organic-inorganic hybrid structures that combine essential properties as large anisotropy and strong birefringence, typical for organics with the excellent photosensitivity and photoconductivity of inorganics into single, compact devices. Depending on the designed assembly and operation principle, the proposed structures can record dynamic holographic gratings at Raman-Nath or Bragg regimes of diffraction, respectively. When the two beams interact in a structure based on a photoconductive material and birefringent layer (usually liquid crystal), the beam coupling with high amplification values occur in a liquid crystal layer, however, the fringe period of recorded holograms is limited to few μm scale. In contrast, when the two beams interact in a structure based on a photorefractive material and birefringent layer, the beam-coupling occurs in both composites, due to the surface activated photorefractive effect. The prime significance of the later structure is the ability to act as a holographic grating at Bragg regime allowing sub-micron spatial resolution. Moreover they are easy and simple to fabricate where the processes are all optically controlled. The above examples open scenarios to design new devices that meet the latest requirements of 3D display technologies and optical information processing.

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“…While the composite enough mobility to afford reorientation enhancement [35]. The detail studies about the effect of the unique multi-phased sytems on the photorefractive performance are under way.…”

Section: Thermal Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterization of Triarylamine-Based Block Copolymers by Combination of C-N Coupling and ATRP for Photorefractive Applications

Cao¹,

Tsuchiy²,

Shimomura³

et al. 2012

OJOPM

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Poly(4-butyltriarylamine)s with t-butyldimethylsilyl terminal protecting group (PBTPA-TBS) with various molecular weights were prepared by C-N coupling polymerization. The resulting precursors were postfunctionalized and subsequently used as macroinitiators for atom transfer radial polymerization (ATRP) of n-butyl acrylate (n-BA) and ethyl acrylate (EA). Both the polymerization processes were controlled and the polymers were characterized by 1 H NMR, gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and thermal properties, which confirmed the successful synthesis of all the polymers. The microphase separated behaviors of the poly (4-butyltriarylamine)-block-poly (butyl acrylate) (PBTPA-b-PBA) were examined by AFM in the film showing phase separation structures for all the polymers. The photorefractive property of the composite based on PBTPA-b-PBA block copolymer was evaluated by two-beam coupling experiment. A relative high gain coefficient of 42.7 cm −1 was obtained at the electric field of 31 V/m.

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Organic Photorefractives: Mechanisms, Materials, and Applications

Cited by 435 publications

References 382 publications

Formation of Dynamic Hologram in Photorefractive Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals

Formation of Dynamic Hologram in Photorefractive Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals

Two-Wave Mixing in Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Structures for Dynamic Holography

Synthesis and Characterization of Triarylamine-Based Block Copolymers by Combination of C-N Coupling and ATRP for Photorefractive Applications

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