Organic radical battery: nitroxide polymers as a cathode-active material

Nishide, Hiroyuki; Iwasa, Shigeyuki; Pu, Yong‐Jin; Suga, Takeo; Nakahara, K.; Satoh, Masaharu

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2004.02.052

Cited by 476 publications

(439 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In addition, considering the combination of the electrolyte solution, PTVE was the lowest risk potential of ignition and explosion due to the combination of a low exothermic electrode and aqueous electrolyte solutions. The polymers demonstrated a quantitative coulombic efficiency and high rechargeability (18,22). These results suggested that the redox reaction of TEMPO has no side reactions and both polymers in the charging state and discharging state have a low reactivity toward the electrolyte salts and solutions.…”

Section: Disaster Safetymentioning

confidence: 68%

“…The polymers are also thermally stable. Their 10% decomposition temperatures are higher than 2008C (18,21). This is sufficiently higher than the envisioned operating temperatures of the battery.…”

Section: Disaster Safetymentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Two electrode-active materials, PTMA and lithium cobalt oxide, were also evaluated as the control experiment. PTMA is one of the most well studied hydrophobic radical polymers in our previous reports (18). Lithium cobalt oxide is one of the most popular cathode-active materials used in conventional lithium ion batteries ( Figure 2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, previously reported battery configurations *Corresponding author. Email: nishide@waseda.jp with radical polymers and an organic electrolyte, such as poly(2,2,6,6,-tetramethylpiperidinyloxy-4-yl methacrylate) (PTMA) and an acetonitrile solution containing tetrabutylammonium (18) still retained the potential risk of ignition, thus requiring a built-in safety system like the lithium ion battery (4). This is because the previously reported radical polymers showed a hydrophobic character, not working in aqueous electrolytes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

A rechargeable battery based on hydrophilic radical polymer electrode and its green assessment

Koshika

Kitajima

Oyaizu

et al. 2009

Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews

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Section: Disaster Safetymentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Disaster Safetymentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A rechargeable battery based on hydrophilic radical polymer electrode and its green assessment

Koshika

Kitajima

Oyaizu

et al. 2009

Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews

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“…The devices electrochemical performance was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge testing. The device afforded high capacitance through nonfaradic reactions of supporting electrode via charge separation on the electrode material/electrolyte interfaces, and the faradic redox-reactions of TEMPO nitroxide radical between its different oxidation states [12]. While the former provides the well-known double layer capacitance, the latter results in high pseudocapacitance.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Supercapacitor-battery hybrid energy storage devices from an aqueous nitroxide radical active material

Guo

Xin

et al. 2011

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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A hybrid electrochemical energy storage device was fabricated in aqueous NaOH with the 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) nitroxide radical as the active material, hydroquinone as the counter electrode active material, and an OH − -selective separating membrane. The working principle of this device was investigated and it can be considered as a supercapacitor-battery hybrid energy storage system. Device performance was characterized by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge testing. When using multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as electrode support materials, a high pseudo-capacitance of 1280 F g −1 was obtained with the TEMPO nitroxide radical as the active material at a 1 mV s −1 scan rate. This was ~33 times larger than the inherent double layer capacitance of MWCNTs. The electrode material and active material dissolved in solution could potentially be substituted with similar materials. This simple design provides a new approach for fabricating high performance supercapacitor-battery hybrid energy storage devices. The demand for advanced electrochemical energy storage devices with increased power and energy densities is continuously increasing because of sustainable energy and environmental issues [1,2]. Supercapacitors represent the state of the art in high power systems, while rechargeable batteries (particularly lithium-ion batteries) are the highest energy storage facilities [3][4][5]. Hybrid energy storage devices, using both supercapacitor and battery electrodes in a single unit cell, provide a clever solution combining the advantages of the two energy storage systems. Clearly, such high performance hybrid devices cannot necessarily be achieved by combining any supercapacitor and rechargeable battery. Supercapacitors and rechargeable batteries operate over different potential ranges and in different electrolytes [6,7]. Energy storage in traditional supercapacitors and rechargeable batteries is usually based on active solid electrode materials which limit energy density. If active materials with reversible redox properties can be stored in solution, high energy devices may be obtainable. The Li-Cu battery is an example of this, where a Cu-cathode in aqueous electrolyte and a Li-anode in non-aqueous electrolyte, are separated by a lithium super-ionic conductor glass film (LISICON) in the hybrid electrolyte [8]. The redox flow battery (RFB) has recently also received much attention because of its high-efficiency, low cost, large-scale energy storage where active materials are dissolved in electrolyte solution. The vanadium redox flow battery is thought to be the most practical candidate [9]. Present RFBs are based on inorganic active materials restricted by limited mineral resources. Organic active materials are good candidates for energy storage devices, because they can be synthesized from biomass

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Magnetic Polymers

Nishide¹,

Suga²

2011

Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology

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Discovery of doped polyacetylenes and the following extensive investigations of π‐conjugated conducting polymers also evoked the attempt creating magnetic organic polymers. In the last two decades, theoretical and experimental studies on π‐conjugated organic molecules bearing plural unpaired electrons have elucidated a clear correlation between the molecular connectivity or substitution positions of the radical groups on the conjugated skeleton and spin multiplicity or spin quantum number (S) at a ground state. A stabilized high‐spin state (spin alignment, S > 2/2) among the plural unpaired electrons was achieved based on an intramolecular and strong through‐bond spin‐exchange interaction through pi‐conjugation. Here we start with molecular structure‐S correlation of diradical model molecules as an example, and then extend the criteria for designing high‐spin organic polymers. The highest spin alignment (S) value of the polymers has been improved year by year through two main molecular design approaches: (i) π‐conjugated polymers bearing pendant radical groups, and (ii) cross‐conjugated, radical‐integrated polymers. Advantages and limitations of these two approaches are described, and the two‐dimensionally extended organic polyradical molecules (hyperbranched and/or cross‐conjugated network) are highlighted in this chapter. The molecular‐based, tunable magneto‐responsible polymer dots can lead to the potential application for the magnetic information storage, and the opto‐magnetic and electro‐magnetic properties of the polyradicals are promising field. The high‐spin organic polyradical molecules with chemical stability, flexibility, plasticity, and moldability will open a new field of magnetic organic materials.

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Organic radical battery: nitroxide polymers as a cathode-active material

Cited by 476 publications

References 12 publications

A rechargeable battery based on hydrophilic radical polymer electrode and its green assessment

A rechargeable battery based on hydrophilic radical polymer electrode and its green assessment

Supercapacitor-battery hybrid energy storage devices from an aqueous nitroxide radical active material

Magnetic Polymers

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