Organic solar cells on indium tin oxide and aluminum doped zinc oxide anodes

Schulze, Kerstin; Maennig, B.; Leo, Karl; Tomita, Yuto; May, Christian; Hüpkes, J.; Brier, Eduard; Reinold, Egon; Bäuerle, Peter

doi:10.1063/1.2771050

Cited by 110 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) represent a technologically important class of materials and are utilized as electrodes in many commercial applications such as flat panel displays, 1 organic light-emitting diodes, 2 and photovoltaic cell, 3 to name a few. The most commonly used TCO is indium oxide doped with tin (ITO); however, the limited availability of indium makes it an expensive material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First-principles study of possible shallow donors in ZnAl2O4spinel

et al. 2013

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ZnAl 2 O 4 (gahnite) is a ceramic which is considered a possible transparent conducting oxide (TCO) due to its wide band gap and transparency for UV. Defects play an important role in controlling the conductivity of a TCO material along with the dopant, which is the main source of conductivity in an otherwise insulating oxide. A comprehensive first-principles density functional theory study for point defects in ZnAl 2 O 4 spinel is presented using the Heyd, Scuseria, and Ernzerhof hybrid functional (HSE06) to overcome the band gap problem. We have investigated the formation energies of intrinsic defects which include the Zn, Al, and O vacancy and the antisite defects: Zn at the Al site (Zn Al ) and Al at the Zn site (Al Zn ). The antisite defect Al Zn has the lowest formation energy and acts as a shallow donor, indicating possible n-type conductivity in ZnAl 2 O 4 spinel by Al doping.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First-principles study of possible shallow donors in ZnAl2O4spinel

et al. 2013

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“…as replacement for indium-tin-oxide. [11][12][13] The fi rst organic tandem solar cells were made as early as 1990 by Hiramoto and colleagues by evaporating two identical subcells on top of each other using Au-nanoclusters as recombination layer between the subcells. [ 14 ] Much progress has been made since then in both understanding and designing organic tandem solar cells, [15][16][17][18] and in recent years effi cient tandem solar cells have been processed from solution, [18][19][20][21][22] by vacuum deposition, [ 17 , 23-25 ] or from a combination of both methods.…”

Section: Comparison Of Single and Tandem Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Organic Tandem Solar Cells based on Small Molecules

Riede

Uhrich

Widmer

et al. 2011

Adv Funct Materials

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228

144

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In this paper, two vacuum processed single heterojunction organic solar cells with complementary absorption are described and the construction and optimization of tandem solar cells based on the combination of these heterojunctions demonstrated. The red‐absorbing heterojunction consists of C60 and a fluorinated zinc phthalocyanine derivative (F4‐ZnPc) that leads to a 0.1–0.15 V higher open circuit voltage Voc than the commonly used ZnPc. The second heterojunction incorporates C60 and a dicyanovinyl‐capped sexithiophene derivative (DCV6T) that mainly absorbs in the green. The combination of both heterojunctions into one tandem solar cell leads to an absorption over the whole visible range of the sun spectrum. Thickness variations of the transparent p‐doped optical spacer between both subcells in the tandem solar cell is shown to lead to a significant change in short circuit current density jsc due to optical interference effects, whereas Voc and fill factor are hardly affected. The maximum efficiency η of about 5.6% is found for a spacer thickness of 150‐165 nm. Based on the optimized 165nm thick spacer, effects of intensity and angle of illumination, and temperature on a tandem device are investigated. Variations in illumination intensity lead to a linear change in jsc over three orders of magnitude and a nearly constant η in the range of 30 to 310 mW cm−2. Despite the stacked heterojunctions, the performance of the tandem device is robust against different illumination angles: jsc and η closely follow a cosine behavior between 0° and 70°. Investigations of the temperature behavior of the tandem device show an increase in η of 0.016 percentage points per Kelvin between −20 °C and 25 °C followed by a plateau up to 50 °C. Finally, further optimization of the tandem stack results in a certified η of (6.07 ± 0.24)% on (1.9893 ± 0.0060)cm2 (Fraunhofer ISE), i.e., areas large enough to be of relevance for modules.

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“…Finding alternatives to ITO is a major area of research in the last five years. Some of the alternatives are doped metal oxides [33][34][35][36][37], organic polymers [38][39][40][41][42][43], metal grids [44][45][46][47], carbon nanotubes [48][49][50][51] and graphene [52,53]. [37].…”

Section: Anodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designs and Architectures for the Next Generation of Organic Solar Cells

et al. 2010

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Organic solar cells show great promise as an economically and environmentally friendly technology to utilize solar energy because of their simple fabrication processes and minimal material usage. However, new innovations and breakthroughs are needed for organic solar cell technology to become competitive in the future. This article reviews research efforts and accomplishments focusing on three issues: power conversion efficiency, device stability and processability for mass production, followed by an outlook for optimizing OSC performance through device engineering and new architecture designs to realize next generation organic solar cells.

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Organic solar cells on indium tin oxide and aluminum doped zinc oxide anodes

Cited by 110 publications

References 15 publications

First-principles study of possible shallow donors in ZnAl2O4spinel

First-principles study of possible shallow donors in ZnAl2O4spinel

Efficient Organic Tandem Solar Cells based on Small Molecules

Designs and Architectures for the Next Generation of Organic Solar Cells

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