Organic solid-state lasers with imprinted gratings on plastic substrates

Berggren, Magnus; Dodabalapur, Ananth; Slusher, R. E.; Timko, Allen G.; Nalamasu, O.

doi:10.1063/1.120773

Cited by 145 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The gain medium was applied on a BCB layer, which had been deposited on a flexible Mylar®substrate, and contained a third-order DFB grating. Maximum tuning for the laser emission near 655 nm was achieved when the substrate was bent with a radius of curvature of 1 inch [87].…”

Section: Laser and Photonics Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The whole process involves pressing of a template with the pattern to be transferred to the polymer surface and then exposure of the layer to UV light through the template. The latter is subsequently removed, leaving the imprint of the reverse of its pattern on the polymer surface [85][86][87]. Figure 7 shows (a) (b) Figure 6 (online color at: www.lpr-journal.org) SEM images of (a) a multilevel SU-8 master mold for hot embossing which was used to produce channel waveguides and multimode fibre interconnection channels in a PMMA substrate shown in (b).…”

Section: Nanoimprint Lithographymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These dyes provide the gain in the structures, producing laser emission in the spectral ranges 615-660 nm and 655-700 nm, respectively. Lasing in these gain media was achieved using Fabry-Perot [54][55][56]129], and DFB [57,78,87,162] resonators. Their attraction lies in that the absorption and emission spectra of the DCM (DCM 2) and Alq 3 , respectively, conveniently overlap to allow for a very efficient fluorescence resonant energy transfer (FRET), also known as Förster energy transfer, from the excited host to the dye dopant [57,58,163].…”

Section: Organic Semiconductor Lasersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are however, reports on quasi-cw lasing using a disk-shaped dye-doped gain medium, which was rotated at a high speed to resemble the circulating flow of liquid dye lasers that continuously refreshes the chromophores exposed to the excitation beam [110,111]. Frequently used polymer hosts are MMA-based materials including poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) [112,113], copolymer compositions such as those of MMA with the monofunctional monomer 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) [114][115][116][117][118] as well as of pentaerythritol tri-acrylate (PETA) with benzyl acrylate (BA) [86,87]. Other organic materials that have been studied as hosts for dyes and demonstrated laser devices include fluorinatedpolyimide [119], polystyrene (PS) [120,121], the photopolymerizable resins KAYARAD DF-803N [97][98][99][100] and PAK-01-CL [85,86], SU8 [40,68,122], and poly(1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (PVP) [123].…”

Section: Self-focusingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Organic solid‐state integrated amplifiers and lasers

Grivas

Pollnau

2012

Laser & Photonics Reviews

212

202

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Solid-state organic amplifiers and lasers are attractive for hybrid integration due to their compatibility with different material platforms, straightforward processing, and possibility to optimize easily their optical and electronic properties by molecular engineering. Advances in the gain medium design and synthesis in combination with new resonator architectures led to tremendous improvements in temporal and spectral properties, lifetime stability, gains produced and operating threshold powers, which triggered interest in their use for a broad range of integrated photonic applications. In this contribution, the current state-of-the-art in the field of organic solid-state amplifiers and lasers is reviewed from the aspects of fabrication technology, gain materials, and device performance. Furthermore, examples of the progress of this technology from a laboratory curiosity to one that demonstrates practical integrated photonic applications are highlighted. An outlook is also provided on research areas and applications that are likely to shape further developments of this technology. (Figure reprinted from [296],

show abstract

Section: Laser and Photonics Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nanoimprint Lithographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Organic Semiconductor Lasersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Self-focusingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Organic solid‐state integrated amplifiers and lasers

Grivas

Pollnau

2012

Laser & Photonics Reviews

212

202

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…3 Perhaps the most promising design is, however, the distributed feedback ͑DFB͒ laser. 4 These are easily fabricated on a large scale using embossing techniques, 5 possess a high Q and, hence, exhibit some of the lowest lasing thresholds observed. 6 By corrugating the substrate in two directions, two-dimensional DFB lasing is possible, giving reduced thresholds and increased slope efficiencies.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

<title>Photonic band structure and emission characteristics of a metal-backed polymeric distributed feedback laser</title>

et al. 2002

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Optical losses associated with the metallic contacts necessary for charge injection are an obstacle to the development of an electrically pumped polymer laser. We show that it may be possible to overcome these losses by demonstrating the operation of a distributed-feedback polymer laser fabricated upon a silver substrate. The device lasing threshold was ϳ150 times greater than that of an otherwise similar metal-free device, though similar to early polymer lasers. The device emission characteristics correlated well with the measured photonic band structure, allowing an explanation of the effect of the microstructure on device operation. © 2002 American Institute of Physics. ͓DOI: 10.1063/1.1496497͔ Semiconducting conjugated polymers are attractive gain media for optoelectronic devices due to their broad spectral emission range, good luminescence qualities, and ease of processing from solution. These properties suggest that it should be possible to construct compact electrically pumped lasers using polymer materials if the lasing threshold can be made sufficiently low.To date, however, electrically pumped operation of an organic laser has only been demonstrated for a molecular crystal using field-effect electrodes; 1 all polymer-based lasers have so far been optically pumped. One reason for this is the need to include a metallic cathode in close proximity to the gain medium to inject electrons. This is a problem because the large absorption loss of metals at optical wavelengths inhibits lasing. In the drive towards developing an electrically driven polymeric laser, it is important to demonstrate that an optically pumped laser can operate in the presence of a metal. Previously, this has been achieved for hybrid distributed Bragg reflector/metal microcavities 2 and microrings. 3Perhaps the most promising design is, however, the distributed feedback ͑DFB͒ laser. 4 These are easily fabricated on a large scale using embossing techniques, 5 possess a high Q and, hence, exhibit some of the lowest lasing thresholds observed.6 By corrugating the substrate in two directions, two-dimensional DFB lasing is possible, giving reduced thresholds and increased slope efficiencies. In this work we have fabricated a polymer DFB laser directly upon a metallic substrate, demonstrating that lasing is possible in the presence of a metal electrode in this technologically important geometry. Furthermore, by measuring the photonic band structure of the device we are able to relate the spectral and spatial dependence of the photoluminescence ͑PL͒ and lasing emission to the available photonic modes of the system. The DFB laser consists of a thin layer of the polymer poly͓2-methoxy-5-͑2Ј-ethylhexyloxy͒-1,4-phenylene vinylene͔ ͑MEH-PPV͒ deposited onto a silver grating substrate to form a corrugated, asymmetric waveguide ͓Fig. 1͑a͔͒. The thickness of the MEH-PPV guiding layer was such that, within the gain region of the MEH-PPV emission spectrum, only the first transverse electric waveguide mode (TE 0 ) was supported.Standard holographic techniq...

show abstract

Lasers Based on Semiconducting Organic Materials

Tessler¹

1999

Adv. Mater.

406

261

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Light‐emitting organic materials continue to assume increasing significance in the field of semiconductor laser research, and the Figure depicts several structures that have been demonstrated using organic semiconductors. This review provides a description of the fundamental aspects of lasers and a historical overview of their development, followed by a discussion of the recent progress in optically pumped lasers, and their implications for laser technology.

show abstract

Organic solid-state lasers with imprinted gratings on plastic substrates

Cited by 145 publications

References 12 publications

Organic solid‐state integrated amplifiers and lasers

Organic solid‐state integrated amplifiers and lasers

<title>Photonic band structure and emission characteristics of a metal-backed polymeric distributed feedback laser</title>

Lasers Based on Semiconducting Organic Materials

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About