Organic volatile sulfur in lakes ranging in sulfate and dissolved salt concentration over five orders of magnitude

Richards, Samia; Rudd, John W. M.; Kelly, Carol A.

doi:10.4319/lo.1994.39.3.0562

Cited by 60 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…5 shows some examples of backward configuration results of FLEXPART-WRF). The Hudson Bay area is an important source of DMS (Richards et al, 1994), and air parcels originating from Hudson Bay may contain more biogenic SO 2 and sulfate. On the other hand, air parcels originating from the south (North America) may contain more pollution from LRT.…”

Section: Anthropogenic and Biogenic Sulfatementioning

confidence: 99%

Biogenic, anthropogenic and sea salt sulfate size-segregated aerosols in the Arctic summer

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Size-segregated aerosol sulfate concentrations were measured on board the Canadian Coast Guard Ship (CCGS) Amundsen in the Arctic during July 2014. The objective of this study was to utilize the isotopic composition of sulfate to address the contribution of anthropogenic and biogenic sources of aerosols to the growth of the different aerosol size fractions in the Arctic atmosphere. Non-seasalt sulfate is divided into biogenic and anthropogenic sulfate using stable isotope apportionment techniques. A considerable amount of the average sulfate concentration in the fine aerosols with a diameter < 0.49 µm was from biogenic sources (> 63 %), which is higher than in previous Arctic studies measuring above the ocean during fall (< 15 %) (Rempillo et al., 2011) and total aerosol sulfate at higher latitudes at Alert in summer (> 30 %) (Norman et al., 1999). The anthropogenic sulfate concentration was less than that of biogenic sulfate, with potential sources being long-range transport and, more locally, the Amundsen's emissions. Despite attempts to minimize the influence of ship stack emissions, evidence from larger-sized particles demonstrates a contribution from local pollution.A comparison of δ 34 S values for SO 2 and fine aerosols was used to show that gas-to-particle conversion likely occurred during most sampling periods. δ 34 S values for SO 2 and fine aerosols were similar, suggesting the same source for SO 2 and aerosol sulfate, except for two samples with a relatively high anthropogenic fraction in particles < 0.49 µm in diameter (15)(16)(17). The high biogenic fraction of sulfate fine aerosol and similar isotope ratio values of these particles and SO 2 emphasize the role of marine organisms (e.g., phytoplankton, algae, bacteria) in the formation of fine particles above the Arctic Ocean during the productive summer months.

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Section: Anthropogenic and Biogenic Sulfatementioning

confidence: 99%

Biogenic, anthropogenic and sea salt sulfate size-segregated aerosols in the Arctic summer

et al. 2016

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“…Given the lack of available information on natural atmospheric emissions from the GSL, it was decided to apply DMS emissions factors for Canadian interior lakes similar in composition to the GSL. Comparisons were made to lakes described in Richards et al (1994). Patience Lake located in southern Saskatchewan was the closest match in composition to the GSL (assuming seawater as the closest proxy to the GSL).…”

Section: Other Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MEGAN is designed to be a replacement to the EPA Biogenic Emissions Inventory System (BEIS) modeling system and has been used in a number of recent studies investigating VOC flux from vegetation including Guenther et al (2006), Helmig et al (2007), Sakulyanontvittaya et al (2008) and others. Two examples of global atmospheric chemistry models are the GEOS-Chem (http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/geos/index.html) and the GO-CART models (http://data.eol.ucar.edu/codiac data/ace-asia/ docs/model chem GO-CART.html).…”

Section: Global Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…d Given the lack of available information on natural emissions from the Great Salt Lake the H 2 S factor applied for freshwater lakes was conservatively applied. The DMS factor is derived from Richards et al (1994). e Based on average of factors produced from a number of studies on sulfur flux from salt marsh and Spartina Alterniflora including Steudler et al (1985), Giblin andWieder (1992), andDeLaune et al (2002).…”

Section: Appendix Amentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Patience Lake located in southern Saskatchewan was the closest match in composition to the GSL (assuming seawater as the closest proxy to the GSL). Fluxes of DMS were created using the mean DMS flux for Patience Lake as given in Richards et al (1994). The H 2 S emissions factors for GSL were more problematic.…”

Section: Other Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling natural emissions in the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) Model–I: building an emissions data base

Smith

Mueller

2010

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract.A natural emissions inventory for the continental United States and surrounding territories is needed in order to use the US Environmental Protection Agency Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) Model for simulating natural air quality. The CMAQ air modeling system (including the Sparse Matrix Operator Kernel Emissions (SMOKE) emissions processing system) currently estimates non-methane volatile organic compound (NMVOC) emissions from biogenic sources, nitrogen oxide (NO x ) emissions from soils, ammonia from animals, several types of particulate and reactive gas emissions from fires, as well as sea salt emissions. However, there are several emission categories that are not commonly treated by the standard CMAQ Model system. Most notable among these are nitrogen oxide emissions from lightning, reduced sulfur emissions from oceans, geothermal features and other continental sources, windblown dust particulate, and reactive chlorine gas emissions linked with sea salt chloride. A review of past emissions modeling work and existing global emissions data bases provides information and data necessary for preparing a more complete natural emissions data base for CMAQ applications. A model-ready natural emissions data base is developed to complement the anthropogenic emissions inventory used by the VISTAS Regional Planning Organization in its work analyzing regional haze based on the year 2002. This new data base covers a modeling domain that includes the continental United States plus large portions of Canada, Mexico and surrounding oceans. Comparing July 2002 source data reveals that natural emissions account for 16% of total gaseous sulfur (sulfur dioxide, dimethylsulfide and hydrogen sulfide), 44% of total NO x , 80% of reactive carbonaceous gases (NMVOCs and carbon monoxide), 28%Correspondence to: S. N. Smith (snsmith@tva.gov) of ammonia, 96% of total chlorine (hydrochloric acid, nitryl chloride and sea salt chloride), and 84% of fine particles (i.e., those smaller than 2.5 µm in size) released into the atmosphere. The seasonality and relative importance of the various natural emissions categories are described.

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Deglaciation and catchment ontogeny in coastal south‐west Greenland: implications for terrestrial and aquatic carbon cycling

Leng¹,

Wagner²,

Anderson³

et al. 2012

J Quaternary Science

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Here we present Holocene organic carbon, nitrogen, sulphur, carbon isotope ratio and macrofossil data from a small freshwater lake near Sisimiut in south-west Greenland. The lake was formed c. 11 cal ka BP following retreat of the ice sheet margin and is located above the marine limit in this area. The elemental and isotope data suggest a complex deglaciation history of interactions between the lake and its catchment, reflecting glacial retreat and postglacial hydrological flushing probably due to periodic melting of local remnant glacial ice and firn areas between 11 and 8.5 cal ka BP. After 8.5 cal ka BP, soil development and associated vegetation processes began to exert a greater control on terrestrial-aquatic carbon cycling. By 5.5 cal ka BP, in the early Neoglacial cooling, the sediment record indicates a change in catchment-lake interactions with consistent d 13 C while C/N exhibits greater variability. The period after 5.5 cal ka BP is also characterized by higher organic C accumulation in the lake. These changes (total organic carbon, C/N, d 13 C) are most likely the result of increasing contribution (and burial) of terrestrial organic matter as a result of enhanced soil instability, as indicated by an increase in Cenococcum remains, but also Sphagnum and Empetrum. The impact of glacial retreat and relatively subdued mid-to late Holocene climate variation at the coast is in marked contrast to the greater environmental variability seen in inland lakes closer to the present-day ice sheet margin.

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Organic volatile sulfur in lakes ranging in sulfate and dissolved salt concentration over five orders of magnitude

Cited by 60 publications

References 39 publications

Biogenic, anthropogenic and sea salt sulfate size-segregated aerosols in the Arctic summer

Biogenic, anthropogenic and sea salt sulfate size-segregated aerosols in the Arctic summer

Modeling natural emissions in the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) Model–I: building an emissions data base

Deglaciation and catchment ontogeny in coastal south‐west Greenland: implications for terrestrial and aquatic carbon cycling

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