Organic waste ash as possible source of alkali for animal feed treatment

Adebowale, E.A.

doi:10.1016/0377-8401(85)90026-4

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Titration of CPA extracts with the hydrochloric acid gave a ratio of 4·9 g CPA to 1 g sodium hydroxide; this generally falls between 1:4 and 1:9 (Adebowale, 1985;Sobamiwa and Longe, 1994). The CPA-induced reduction in protein was attributed to oxidative destruction by deamination.…”

Section: Effects Of Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The system of treatments employed should be particularly attractive to poultry farmers in the cocoa-producing regions with processing facilities and a surplus of unused cocoa bean cake and cocoa-pod husk. The technology involved is suf ciently simple for onfarm use because farmers are already used to handling cocoa-pod ash which they used to make soap (Adebowale, 1985). Nevertheless, it is possible that supplementation with amino acids and/or pelleting may elicit further responses thereby turning this by-product into a more useful dietary ingredient.…”

Section: Growth and Nutrient Retentionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Adegbola and Omole (1973) achieved a reduction in the theobromine content of discarded cocoa beans by treatment with sodium hydroxide. However, the high costs and hazards associated with the use of sodium hydroxide, particularly in rural areas shifted focus to cocoa-pod husk which has been suggested as having alkaline properties (Adebowale, 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nutritive value of hot water- or cocoa-pod ash solution-treated cocoa bean cake for broiler chicks

Og²

1998

British Poultry Science

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1. The effectiveness of boiling (90 degrees C for 75 min) in water and alkali (cocoa-pod ash CPA solution) treatments for reducing the antinutritional factor (theobromine) in cocoa bean cake (CBC) and the influence of these treatments on the chemical composition, gross energy and metabolisable energy (ME) of CBC to the broiler chicken were examined. 2. Boiling did not affect crude protein content but resulted in lower ash, crude fibre, ether extract and gross energy values, and a 56% reduction in theobromine, while the use of increasing concentrations of cocoa-pod ash solution decreased crude protein, ether extract, theobromine and gross energy. 3. Mineral elements were significantly affected both by boiling and by cocoa-pod ash solution treatments. 4. There were no significant effects of hot water-treated or 5 g CPA/kg treated CBC on ME or MEn. However, efficiency of energy utilisation was improved. 5. Nutritional evaluation showed that there was a general decrease in performance at high dietary concentrations of CBC (treated or untreated). However, both forms of treatment (hot water-treated and 5 g CPA/kg treated CBC) significantly improved food utilisation and retention of nitrogen and dry matter.

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Section: Effects Of Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Growth and Nutrient Retentionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nutritive value of hot water- or cocoa-pod ash solution-treated cocoa bean cake for broiler chicks

Og²

1998

British Poultry Science

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“…Factories preparing, producing, and using the feed are interdependent and operate in a complex ecological system (Adebowale 1985). More and more plants are processing by-products as raw materials that were not used in traditional feeding technologies.…”

Section: Utilization Of By-products For Feedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fruit Processing Waste Management

Monspart-Sényi

2012

Handbook of Fruits and Fruit Processing

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“…However, it was also reported that the optimal utilization of agro-waste in monogastric animal production is hampered by the anti-nutritional factors which cause the inactivation of some nutrients, diminution of metabolic utilization of food or the process of food digestion (Gemede and Ratta 2014). Therefore, various treatments such as fermentation (Alemawor et al 2009;Oloruntola et al 2015), ash treatment (Adamafio et al 2004), enzyme supplementation (Oloruntola et al 2018b(Oloruntola et al , 2018c), soaking and sun-drying (Adebowale 1985;Okeeke et al 1985) among others have been used to improve the nutritive value of agro-waste. In particular, combination of ash treatment with fermentation was also reported to improve the nutritive values of cocoa pod husk meal and its suitability in monogastric animal production (Adeyeye et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processed cocoa pod husk dietary inclusion: effects on the performance, carcass, haematogram, biochemical indices, antioxidant enzyme and histology of the liver and kidney in broiler chicken

et al. 2019

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Background: In a 42-day feeding trial, the effects of processed cocoa pod husk (PCHM) inclusion in a broiler chicken diet were assessed. Methods: This experiment was conducted between December 2017 and January 2018. Cocoa pod husk was collected and processed by ash treatment and rumen liquor fermentation to form a processed cocoa pod husk (PCHM). Three experimental diets were formulated at both the starter and finisher phases, in which PCHM was included at 0, 4 and 8% and designated as diets 1, 2 and 3, respectively. One hundred and eighty 1-day-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly distributed to three dietary treatments (10 birds/replicate; 60 birds/treatment) in a completely randomized design. The growth performance, carcass, relative internal organ weights and haematobiochemical indices were determined. Histological examination of the liver and heart samples was also determined. Results: The PCHM inclusion did not affect (P > 0.05) the performance characteristics of the broiler chicks, except for the feed intake that significantly (P < 0.05) increased in birds fed 8% of PCHM-inclusive diet at the starter phase. The carcass traits, relative internal organ weights, haematological indices and serum biochemical indices of the broiler chickens were similar (P > 0.05) across the dietary treatments. The serum glutathione peroxidase and catalase concentration were higher (P < 0.05) in birds fed PCHM-inclusive diets compared to those fed the control diet. Similar histological myocardiac cell appearances were observed among the birds across the various dietary treatments. Sections show the myocardium composed of the cardiac muscle with peripherally placed nucleus separated by a defined interstitium that is free of inflammatory cells and collections. In the birds fed diet 2 and 3, histological variations observed were marked vascular congestion and perivascular inflammatory cells infiltrations in the hepatic tissue and marked infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells around the vessels and activation of hepatic macrophage: Kupffer cells. Conclusion: Dietary PCHM inclusion up to 8% supports the performance, stability of haemato-biochemical indices and improved antioxidant status of the broiler chickens under heat stress condition. Histological changes were observed in the broiler chicken liver.

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Organic waste ash as possible source of alkali for animal feed treatment

Cited by 13 publications

References 11 publications

Nutritive value of hot water- or cocoa-pod ash solution-treated cocoa bean cake for broiler chicks

Nutritive value of hot water- or cocoa-pod ash solution-treated cocoa bean cake for broiler chicks

Fruit Processing Waste Management

Processed cocoa pod husk dietary inclusion: effects on the performance, carcass, haematogram, biochemical indices, antioxidant enzyme and histology of the liver and kidney in broiler chicken

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