Organic Xenobiotic Metabolism in Marine Invertebrates

Livingstone, David

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-75897-3_2

Cited by 252 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 368 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…해산 이매패류는 수중으로부터 다양한 생체이물질(xenobiotics) 과 독성 화합물을 여과 섭식하여 소화맹낭 혹은 그 주변 조직 세포에 축적하며, 축적된 물질은 패류의 생리학적 기 능에 영향을 미친다 (O'Connor and Lauenstein 1989;Livingstone 1991;Petrovi et al 2001;Kagley et al 2003; Moore et al 2004). 참굴 소화맹낭 상피 세포는 소 화 세포(digestive cell or secretory-absorbtive cell)와 호염 성 세포(basophil cell)로 구성되며, 그 모양은 길고 원통형 으로 섬모가 없다 (Winstead 1995;Eble and Scro 1996).…”

Section: 서 론unclassified

Cytochemical Measurement of Lysosomal Responses in the Digestive Cells of Wild Pacific Oyster, Crassostrea gigas on the South Coast of Korea

Jeung¹,

Lee²,

Hong³

et al. 2012

Ocean and Polar Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

: Digestive cells of the bivalves have a highly developed lysosomal system and the system is known to be sensitive to changes in environmental qualities. In this study, we measured lysosomal responses of the digestive cells in wild oyster, Crassostrea gigas using frozen section. Oysters were collected in June 2010 from intertidal areas in the inner and outer bay of Gwangyang off the south coast of Korea. From the tissue sections, we measured the digestive cell lysosomal membrane stability (LMS), level of neutral lipids (NL), lipofuscin (LF) and the digestive gland atrophy (DGA). The DGA and condition index of oysters from the inner bay were significantly lower (P<0.05). The statistical test indicated that LMS levels of oysters in the inner bay and the outer bay were not significantly different since a shorter activity was displayed by oysters from the inner bay than that of oysters in outer bay. The LF deposition level of the oysters in the inner bay displayed significantly higher levels than the outer bay (P<0.05). In contrast, the NL accumulation measured from oysters in outer bay was significantly higher than the level observed in the inner bay (P<0.05). Different levels of DGA and LF that were observed in the inner and outer bays were thought to be associated to different level of environmental contamination and these two assays are considered to be good biomarkers.

show abstract

Section: 서 론unclassified

Cytochemical Measurement of Lysosomal Responses in the Digestive Cells of Wild Pacific Oyster, Crassostrea gigas on the South Coast of Korea

Jeung¹,

Lee²,

Hong³

et al. 2012

Ocean and Polar Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Few studies have examined the ability of known carcinogenic compounds to induce HN in marine bivalves under laboratory conditions (Rasmussen et al, 1983a(Rasmussen et al, ,b, 1985. However, the existence of various detoxifying enzymes and their ability to metabolize certain classes of chemicals to carcinogens in bivalve molluscs (see review by Livingstone, 1991) has been documented, supporting the possibility that carcinogenic compounds could induce the development of neoplasia in bivalves. In the present study, when healthy mussels were exposed for 30 days to PAHs and PCBs, the prevalence of HN increased 20 to 30%.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Contaminants and the Prevalence of Hemic Neoplasia (Leukemia) in the Common Mussel (Mytilus edulisComplex) from Puget Sound, Washington, U.S.A.

Krishnakumar

Casillas

Snider

et al. 1999

Journal of Invertebrate Pathology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The relationship between hemic neoplasia, a blood cell disorder in bivalve molluscs, and chemical contaminants was evaluated in the common mussel (Mytilus edulis complex). Hemic neoplasia (HN) is endemic to mussel populations in Puget Sound. The prevalence of hemic neoplasia ranged from 0 to 30% in mussels from nine sites in Puget Sound, Washington. Organic chemical contamination in sediment from these sites range from 0.1 to 64.0 ppm of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 0.07 to 0.50 ppm chlorinated hydrocarbons. No relationship between the body burden of environmental contaminants and the prevalence of HN in mussels was identified. To evaluate the shortterm ability of chemical contaminants to induce HN in mussels, mussels, from a site where mussels were previously determined to be HN free, were fed microencapsulated PAHs (composed of a mixture of phenanthrene, flouranthene, and benzo[a]pyrene) or PCBs (Aroclor 1254) and the prevalence of HN was assessed after 30 days of exposure. Although an apparent increase in HN prevalence (20 to 30%) was observed in all treatments groups except the untreated controls, no significant difference in the prevalence of HN was observed between the control group of mussels fed corn oil (vehicle) and mussels fed either PAHs or PCBs in corn oil. A long-term (180-day) exposure study was conducted to evaluate the influence of PAHs or PCBs in modulating the prevalence of HN in a mussel population already exhibiting a moderate HN prevalence. Mussels, from a site where mussels were previously determined to exhibit a background prevalence of HN, fed microencapsulated PAHs, PCBs, and corn oil (vehicle) over a long time period (180 days), revealed an apparent increased prevalence of HN (30 to 40%) above the low levels (20%) initially present. However, no significant difference in the prevalence of HN was observed between the control group of mussels fed corn oil (vehicle) and mussels fed either PAHs or PCBs in corn oil. Although chemical contaminants have been proposed as a modulating factor in the development and promotion of HN in bivalve molluscs from environmentally stressed and degraded habitats, we find no evidence that chemical contaminants induce or promote the development of HN in the mussel M. edulis complex. Academic Press

show abstract

“…Levels (32). Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy has also been used to detect changes in urinary components (34,35).…”

Section: Skin and Other Tissues Taken Bymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Much of the early work with them has involved the adaptation of biomarker assays (e.g., induction of cytochrome P450), which are well established in vertebrates. However, it has become rapidly apparent how invertebrates can differ and vertebrates (35), and there is clearly a need for more fundamental work on the biochemical toxicology of invertebrates (aquatic and terrestrial) if this field is to prosper. Work of this kind has been conducted with the edible mussel (M edulis).…”

Section: Skin and Other Tissues Taken Bymentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarker strategies to evaluate the environmental effects of chemicals.

Walker

1998

Environ Health Perspect

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Environmental risk assessment of chemicals depends on the production of toxicity data for surrogate species of mammals, birds, and fish and on making comparisons between these and estimated or predicted environmental concentrations of the chemicals. This paper gives an overview of biomarker assays and strategies that might be used as alternatives, that is, to replace, reduce, or refine currently used ecotoxicity tests that cause suffering to vertebrates. In the present context a biomarker is a biologic response to an environmental chemical at the individual level or below which demonstrates a departure from normal status. Of immediate interest and relevance are nondestructive assays that provide a measure of toxic effect in vertebrate species and that can be used in both laboratory and parallel field studies. A major shortcoming of this approach is that such assays are currently only available for a limited number of chemicals, primarily when the mode of action is known. Nondestructive assays can be performed on blood, skin, excreta, and eggs of birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians. An interesting recent development is the use of vertebrate cell cultures, including transgenic cell lines that have been developed specifically for toxicity testing. The ultimate concern in ecotoxicology is the effects of chemicals at the level of populations and above. Current risk assessment practices do not address this problem. The development of biomarker strategies could be part of a movement toward more ecologic end points in the safety evaluation of chemicals, which would effect a reduction in animal tests that cause suffering. Environ Health Perspect 106(Suppl 2):613-620 (1998). http.//ehpnetl.niehs.nih.gov/docs/1998/Suppl-2/613-620walker/abstract.html

show abstract

Organic Xenobiotic Metabolism in Marine Invertebrates

Cited by 252 publications

References 368 publications

Cytochemical Measurement of Lysosomal Responses in the Digestive Cells of Wild Pacific Oyster, Crassostrea gigas on the South Coast of Korea

Cytochemical Measurement of Lysosomal Responses in the Digestive Cells of Wild Pacific Oyster, Crassostrea gigas on the South Coast of Korea

Environmental Contaminants and the Prevalence of Hemic Neoplasia (Leukemia) in the Common Mussel (Mytilus edulisComplex) from Puget Sound, Washington, U.S.A.

Biomarker strategies to evaluate the environmental effects of chemicals.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About