“…These studies found that nurses typically spend only ¼ of their shift in direct patient care with their patients, resulting in little time for engaging in ACP (Allen, 2014(Allen, , 2015Hobgood et al, 2005). From an institutional standpoint, most acute care organizations lack policies and procedures related to who should engage in ACP with patients, when it should take place, and if it is essential in the care of patients (Baughman et al, 2015;Detering et al, 2021;Martina et al, 2021;Mohan et al, 2020;Rietze et al, 2018). Consequently, nurses are not clear whether ACP is a part of their scope of practice in acute care settings (Putman-Casdorph et al, 2009;Rietze et al, 2018;Vanderhaeghen et al, 2018) since they receive limited direction, education, training, and templates on how to engage patients in ACP (Baughman et al, 2015;Martina et al, 2021;Whitehead et al, 2021), and are uncertain how, or if, ACP influences treatment planning in their organization (Duke & Thompson, 2007;Putman-Casdorph et al, 2009).…”