Organisational travel plans for improving health

Hosking, John; Macmillan, Alexandra; Connor, JL; Bullen, Christopher; Ameratunga, Shanthi

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd005575.pub3

Cited by 23 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…These results demonstrate that a behavioural intervention might be effective in facilitating active travel to school. However, another systematic review targeting organisational travel plans included 10 intervention studies delivered in school settings (Hosking et al 2010) and did not find evidence for the effectiveness of the interventions, including the installation of a school travel coordinator (Rowland et al 2003) or a complex intervention targeting student, teachers, parents and councils in Australia (Web et al 2010). …”

Section: Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards an interdisciplinary science of transport and health: a case study on school travel

Hodgson¹,

Namdeo²,

Araujo‐Soares³

et al. 2012

Journal of Transport Geography

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Background and Aim: This paper was conceptualised and informed by discussions at the 2nd Workshop in a UKTRC funded series on 'Social Impacts and Equity in Transport'.Presentations made by a range of stakeholders as well as a specially commissioned play stimulated our thoughts on how to encourage better interaction between health and transport researchers. We chose school travel as a case study as it exemplifies two key aspects of the wider transport and health debates; (i) the increasing trend towards reliance on car travel, described here in the context of sedentary lifestyles, traffic congestion, pollution, and parental attitudes, and (ii) school travel occurs at a critical life-stage during which behaviour patterns are formed that are likely to be influential in later life, thus making it an important target point for interventions.Methods: We present evidence from four distinct, but complementary, theoretical perspectives: transport, exposure, behaviour and sustainability. We draw common lessons and identify challenges using a range of conceptual frameworks: integrated psychological model of transport choices, Dahlgren and Whitehead's 'layers of influence' model, Hosking et al's 'pathways from transport to health', and Hanlon et al's integral theory. We demonstrate the benefits and challenges of holistic interaction and collaboration between disciplines to better understand the key issues and develop policy interventions that are meaningful and effective. Results and conclusions:None of the pre-existing conceptual models were fully able to encompass the societal and individual level influences on school travel. However, we present an interim model for further discussion and debate. Key words:Transport, health, sustainability, behaviour change, transport choice, health behaviour Word count:7935 Highlights  Transport and health are interlinked on many levels  School travel contributes to congestion and pollution, and impacts on health  It also represents a critical life stage during which life-long behaviours are set  School travel provides a valuable case study to explore numerous converging agendas  There remain challenges to holistically considering this multi-dimensional issue

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Section: Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards an interdisciplinary science of transport and health: a case study on school travel

Hodgson¹,

Namdeo²,

Araujo‐Soares³

et al. 2012

Journal of Transport Geography

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“…However, severance is frequently stated as a health effect of roads in systematic reviews, 7,8 in peer-reviewed papers on policy and health 9 and on health impacts of transport, 10 and in regional, 11 national, 5 and international reports 12 from around the world. For example, a World Health Organization report on economic valuation Mindell and Karlsen are with the University College London, London, UK.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community Severance and Health: What Do We Actually Know?

Mindell

Karlsen

2012

J Urban Health

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Community severance occurs where road traffic (speed or volume) inhibits access to goods, services, or people. Appleyard and Lintell's seminal study of residents of three urban streets in San Francisco found an inverse relationship between traffic and social contacts. The extent of social networks predicts unhealthy behaviors, poor health, and mortality; high rather than low social integration is associated with reduced mortality, with an effect size of similar magnitude to stopping smoking. Although community severance diminishes social contacts, the implications of community severance for morbidity and mortality have not been empirically established. Based on a systematic literature search, we discuss what is actually known about community severance. There is empirical evidence that traffic speed and volume reduces physical activity, social contacts, children's play, and access to goods and services. However, no studies have investigated mental or physical health outcomes in relation to community severance. While not designed specifically to do so, recent developments in road design may also ameliorate community severance.

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“…1,2 Although travel planning has been described as a promising way to promote population-level physical activity, 3,4 a Cochrane systematic review of organisational travel plan interventions for improving health identified 17 studies, 12 of which were conducted in educational settings and 5 in workplaces. 5 Evidence on the effectiveness of travel planning interventions may strengthen a case for policy that supports implementation of travel plans.Organisational travel plans, which aim to promote active forms of transport and reduce car use, work at the individual and organisational level, and employ a mix of strategies including policy (e.g. parking management policy, public transport ticket subsidies), infrastructure (e.g.…”

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confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

We need more active travel intervention research – why not travel plans?

Petrunoff

Rissel

Wen

et al. 2014

Health Prom J of Aust

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A high proportion of published health promotion research on physical activity is descriptive, and there is a need for more published intervention research. 1,2 Although travel planning has been described as a promising way to promote population-level physical activity, 3,4 a Cochrane systematic review of organisational travel plan interventions for improving health identified 17 studies, 12 of which were conducted in educational settings and 5 in workplaces. 5 Evidence on the effectiveness of travel planning interventions may strengthen a case for policy that supports implementation of travel plans.Organisational travel plans, which aim to promote active forms of transport and reduce car use, work at the individual and organisational level, and employ a mix of strategies including policy (e.g. parking management policy, public transport ticket subsidies), infrastructure (e.g. provision of end-of-trip facilities, creation of maps) and behaviour change (e.g. cycling and walking programs).The Liverpool Hospital Travel Plan (2011Plan ( -2014 is in the final stages of implementation. 6 The development and baseline findings of the travel plan were the first in Australia to be published in a peerreviewed journal, 7 and the validation of the survey questions used to measure changes in travel behaviour have also been published. 8 More information about the program can be found at www. activetravel.net.au.Preliminary findings from Liverpool Hospital staff's annual travel surveys conducted at baseline in 2011, 2012 and 2013 presented in Fig. 1, show a significant reduction in car use, and subsequent shift towards active travel.Travel plans that are effective at decreasing car driving often include a combination of 'carrots' in the form of strong incentives for active travel and public transport use, as well as 'sticks' that are strong disincentives for car use. 9,10 The Liverpool Hospital Travel Plan's modest preliminary results may be explained by the fact that the two most effective actions have not yet been fully implemented; a public transport ticket salary deduction/sacrifice scheme has undergone only a small pilot, and the parking management plan is at the scoping study stage.The results of surveys to date: a final survey to be conducted in September 2014 and data from a nested cohort that have been followed longitudinally will be assessed via a logistic regression model to account for potential confounding factors since the intervention lacks a control site. While the increase in active transport is modest, results are promising.

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Organisational travel plans for improving health

Cited by 23 publications

References 64 publications

Towards an interdisciplinary science of transport and health: a case study on school travel

Towards an interdisciplinary science of transport and health: a case study on school travel

Community Severance and Health: What Do We Actually Know?

We need more active travel intervention research – why not travel plans?

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