“…As a first extensive and realistic framework of university-industry collaboration, we consider the contribution of Bonaccorsi and Piccaluga (1994) that summarized six main categories of organizational forms of UIC, namely: personal informal relationships, personal formal relationships, relationships through the third party, formal targeted and formal un-targeted agreements and common focused structures. The majority of newer contribution builds on this framework, and thus, on the assumption that the majority of university-industry collaborations tend to be driven by individuals and pursued on a discretionary basis (Hermanson et al 2020). Nowadays, it is formally measured in the majority of European countries, how frequently entrepreneurs collaborate with universities, e.g., in terms of the provision of research services, counselling, getting access to unique know-how of researchers, academic technologies or research infrastructure, getting the support with product/service/process development (Rybnicek and Königsgruber 2019).…”