Organization and cellular biology of the perichondrial ossification groove of ranvier

Shapiro, Frederic; Me, Holtrop; Glimcher, M J

doi:10.2106/00004623-197759060-00001

Cited by 202 publications

(138 citation statements)

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“…These are: i) the cartilage at the outermost boundary of the epiphysis adjacent to the joint space that is the articular cartilage, ii) the cartilage adjacent to the metaphysis that forms the physis (growth plate, epiphyseal growth plate), and iii) the cartilage between the articular cartilage and the physeal cartilage referred to as the epiphyseal cartilage, which will form a secondary ossification center after vascular and osteoprogenitor cell invasion (Forriol and Shapiro, 2005;Rivas and Shapiro, 2002). The cells and matrices of the perichondrial ossification groove of Ranvier (the terminal extension of the periosteum) surrounding the physis and part of the metaphysis and are an integral part of longbone development (Shapiro et al, 1977). The groove is first evident at stage 6 of development (Fig.…”

Section: Structural Stages Of Bone Formation Overview Of Normal Bonementioning

confidence: 99%

Bone development and its relation to fracture repair. The role of mesenchymal osteoblasts and surface osteoblasts

Shapiro

2008

eCM

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432

345

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Bone development occurs by two mechanisms: intramembranous bone formation and endochondral bone formation. Bone tissue forms by eventual differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells into either mesenchymal osteoblasts (MOBL), which synthesize woven bone in random orientation, or surface osteoblasts (SOBL), which synthesize bone on surfaces in a well oriented lamellar array. Bone repair uses the same formation patterns as bone development but the specific mechanism of repair is determined by the biomechanical environment provided. Bone synthesis and maintenance are highly dependent on the blood supply of bone and on cell-cell communication via the lacunar-canalicular system. Recent investigations highlight the molecular cascades leading to cell differentiation, the components of the structural proteins such as the various collagens, and tissue vascularization. The patterning of bone matrix from an initial woven to an eventual lamellar orientation is essential for bone to develop its maximum strength. This review demonstrates the repetitive nature of woven to lamellar bone formation as mediated by MOBLs and SOBLs in both normal vertebrate bones and bone repair. Repair, using endochondral, primary, direct and distraction osteogenesis mechanisms, is reviewed along with the associated molecular, vascular, and biophysical features. Introductory concepts and terms Bone formationBone formation is complex but the three-dimensional positioning of cells and matrices is straightforward. As in any discussion of bone formation it is important to keep in mind the distinction between bone as a tissue (bone cells and the mineralized matrix) and bone as an organ (including several tissues such as bone, cartilage, fibrous tissue, marrow and blood vessels). Normal bone develops using only 2 mechanisms: a) Intramembranous bone formation is mediated by the inner periosteal osteogenic layer with bone synthesized initially without the mediation of a cartilage phase. b) Endochondral bone formation describes the synthesis of bone on a mineralized cartilage scaffold after epiphyseal and physeal cartilage have shaped and elongated the developing organ. These mechanisms are also used in fracture and osteotomy repair with the specific mechanism dependent on the mechanical environment provided during repair. With intramembranous bone repair, mesenchymal cells differentiate along a preosteoblast to osteoblast line while endochondral bone repair is characterized by the initial synthesis of cartilage followed by the endochondral sequence of bone formation. The terms intramembranous and endochondral refer to the tissue being replaced, not to the eventual bone synthesized which is the same in both mechanisms. Matrix orientationIn bone tissue formation osteoblasts synthesize and deposit type I collagen, the main protein constituent of bone matrix, in only 2 basic conformations, a) woven and b) lamellar. In woven bone the collagen fibrils are randomly oriented while in lamellar bone they are clustered in parallel arrays. The fibrils in lamellar...

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Section: Structural Stages Of Bone Formation Overview Of Normal Bonementioning

confidence: 99%

Bone development and its relation to fracture repair. The role of mesenchymal osteoblasts and surface osteoblasts

Shapiro

2008

eCM

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432

345

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“…Its components function to contribute to latitudinal growth of the growth plate by appositional addition of chondrocytes, to contain mechanically and support the physes by its outer fibrous sheath, inner osteogenic layer, and bony ring and to elongate cortical intramembranous bone formation by osteoprogenitor cells. 18,19,50,57,66,110,111 The groove of Ranvier surrounds the growth plate and is the specific structural and functional region where the cartilage of the endochondral sequence meets the 2-layered periosteum of the intramembranous sequence. The outer layer of the periosteum is continuous from the diaphysis toward both bone ends enclosing the metaphysis, the growth plate, and inserting into the epiphyseal cartilage beyond the physis.…”

Section: The Perichondrial Ossification Groovementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The outer fibrous layer is always continuous and serves as a fibroelastic sheath connecting the epiphyseal cartilage at one end of a bone to the epiphyseal cartilage at the other end and enclosing both physes. The increase in the transverse diameter of the physis is achieved by interstitial growth in the resting cell layer 50,68,104,110 and appositional growth from the region of loosely packed cells (perichondrium) of the groove. 66,110,118,126,127 …”

Section: The Perichondrial Ossification Groovementioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED: The periosteum

Augustin¹,

Antabak²,

Davila³

2007

Injury

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“…The presence of a progenitor population within the surface of juvenile articular cartilage with appositional growth to connective tissue and differentiation plasticity has previously been shown in both bovine and rabbit models (Dowthwaite et al, 2004;Shapiro et al, 1977).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

In vitro extracellular matrix accumulation of nasal and articular chondrocytes for intervertebral disc repair

Vedicherla

Buckley

2017

Tissue and Cell

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Chondrocyte based regenerative therapies for intervertebral disc repair such as Autologous Disc Cell Transplantation (ADCT, CODON) and allogeneic juvenile chondrocyte implantation (NuQu®, ISTO Technologies) have demonstrated good outcomes in clinical trials. However concerns remain with the supply demand reconciliation and issues surrounding immunoreactivity which exist for allogeneic-type technologies. The use of stem cells is challenging due to high growth factor requirements, regulatory barriers and differentiation towards a stable phenotype. Therefore, there is a need to identify alternative non-disc cell sources for the development and clinical translation of next generation therapies for IVD regeneration. In this study, we compared Nasal Chondrocytes (NC) as a non-disc alternative chondrocyte source with Articular Chondrocytes (AC) in terms of cell yield, morphology, proliferation kinetics and ability to produce key extracellular matrix components under 5% and 20% oxygen conditions, with and without exogenous TGF-β supplementation.Results indicated that NC maintained proliferative capacity with high amounts of sGAG and lower collagen accumulation in the absence of TGF-β supplementation under 5% oxygen conditions. Importantly, osteogenesis and calcification was inhibited for NC when cultured in IVD-like microenvironmental conditions. The present study provides a rationale for the exploration of nasal chondrocytes as a promising, potent and clinically feasible autologous cell source for putative IVD repair strategies.

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Organization and cellular biology of the perichondrial ossification groove of ranvier

Cited by 202 publications

References 0 publications

Bone development and its relation to fracture repair. The role of mesenchymal osteoblasts and surface osteoblasts

Bone development and its relation to fracture repair. The role of mesenchymal osteoblasts and surface osteoblasts

RETRACTED: The periosteum

In vitro extracellular matrix accumulation of nasal and articular chondrocytes for intervertebral disc repair

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