Organization and differentiation of the body-wall musculature in Macrostomum (Turbellaria, Macrostomidae)

Rieger, Reinhard M.; Salvenmoser, Willi; Legniti, A.; Reindl, S.; Adam, Hans; Simonsberger, P; Tyler, Seth

doi:10.1007/978-94-011-2775-2_18

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In light microscopical section, the epidermis is 5–8 μ m high and shows typical characteristics of the epidermis of the genus Macrostomum (Rieger et al. 1991a,b; for details).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A new model organism among the lower Bilateria and the use of digital microscopy in taxonomy of meiobenthic Platyhelminthes: Macrostomum lignano, n. sp. (Rhabditophora, Macrostomorpha)

Ladurner¹,

Schärer²,

Salvenmoser³

et al. 2005

J Zoological System

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140

186

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A new model organism among the lower Bilateria and the use of digital microscopy in taxonomy of meiobenthic Platyhelminthes: Macrostomum lignano, n. sp. (Rhabditophora, Macrostomorpha) Abstract Macrostomum lignano n. sp. is a member of the Macrostomorpha, the basal-most subtaxon of the Platyhelminthes-Rhabditophora. This new species can be easily cultured in the laboratory and has been already the subject of several developmental/evolutionary studies. The small size, with only about 25 000 cells constituting the major bilaterian organ systems, makes this simultaneous hermaphrodite a possible candidate for a new model organism that is phylogenetically more basal than any of the model organisms currently used in such studies within the Bilateria. M. lignano belongs to the largest genus of the Macrostomorpha. Over 100 marine, fresh water and brackish water species are contained in the genus Macrostomum, some of them with worldwide distribution pattern. Within it, M. lignano is a member of the M. tuba-species group, which we have summarized here. In the species description, we have used a novel approach to document such small soft-bodied meiobenthic organisms: we provide extensive digital micrographical documentation, which are deposited as a CD together with the type material.

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“…In light microscopical section, the epidermis is 5–8 μ m high and shows typical characteristics of the epidermis of the genus Macrostomum (Rieger et al. 1991a,b; for details).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Culturing has so far been successful only with diatom feeding species. Best results were obtained with the cosmopolitan genus Macrostomum , and particularly with M. hystricinum marinum and M. pusillum from the Northern Atlantic (Gelhen and Lochs 1990; Rieger et al. 1991a, 1994, 1999; Mair et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new model organism among the lower Bilateria and the use of digital microscopy in taxonomy of meiobenthic Platyhelminthes: Macrostomum lignano, n. sp. (Rhabditophora, Macrostomorpha)

Ladurner¹,

Schärer²,

Salvenmoser³

et al. 2005

J Zoological System

Self Cite

140

186

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“…However, these diagonal layers may be reduced or even be completely absent (for a comprehensive review of adult flatworm body‐wall musculature, see Hooge and Tyler 2004). The orientation of the diagonal fibers is such that they angle clockwise and counterclockwise around the animal (Rieger et al 1991), crossing over each other and forming a second grid, offset by about 55° from the orthogonal pattern. Finally, a parenchymal musculature formed by muscle fibers traversing the central parenchyma and consisting of well‐developed dorsoventral, transverse, and ventral longitudinal muscles is present (Hyman 1951).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overall, the rhabditophoran body-wall musculature is composed of layers of outer circular and inner longitudinal fibers organized into an orthogonal, grid-like pattern (Hyman 1951;Prudhoe 1985). This organization is considered the ground pattern for many flattened, vermiform invertebrates (all lineages within Platyhelminthes, Acoelomorpha, Nemertea) (Hyman 1951;Rieger et al 1991Rieger et al , 1994Hooge 2001). Additionally, the rhabditophoran body wall may contain one or several sheets of diagonally oriented muscle fibers located between and below the circular and longitudinal layers (Hooge 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although descriptions of flatworm muscle organization have received considerable attention, studies of pattern formation during developmental myogenesis remain scarce (Reiter et al 1996;Younossi-Hartenstein and Hartenstein 2000;Hartenstein and Jones 2003), and are mostly focused on the emerging model species, M. h. marinum (Rieger et al 1991(Rieger et al , 1994Reiter et al 1996;Morris et al 2004). In a comparative study on the differentiation of body-wall musculature in M. h. marinum and H. inquilina, Reiter et al (1996) found that muscle development varied depending on the life cycle that is if worms hatched as miniature adults or as larvae.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Embryonic muscle development in direct and indirect developing marine flatworms (Platyhelminthes, Polycladida)

Bolaños

Litvaitis

2009

Evolution and Development

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We compared embryonic myogenesis of the direct-developing acotylean polyclad Melloplana ferruginea with that of Maritigrella crozieri, a cotylean that develops via a larval stage. Fluorescently labeled F-actin was visualized with laser confocal microscopy. Developmental times are reported as percentages of the time from oviposition to hatching: 7 days for M. crozieri and 22 days for M. ferruginea. The epithelium began to form at 30% development in M. crozieri and at 15% development in M. ferruginea. Random myoblasts appeared in peripheral areas of the embryo at 36% and 22-30% development in M. crozeri and M. ferruginea, respectively. Circular and longitudinal muscle bands formed synchronously at 37-44% development in M. crozieri; yolk obscured observations of early myogenesis in M. ferruginea. An orthogonal muscle grid was established by 45-50% development in both species. Diagonal muscles developed in M. ferruginea at 60-71% development. Hence, juveniles of this species hatch with the same basic body-wall musculature as adults. Larvae of M. crozieri did not hatch with diagonal muscles; these muscles are acquired postmetamorphosis. Additionally, a specialized musculature developed in the larval lobes of M. crozieri. Oral musculature was complex and established by 72% development in both species. Our results are comparable to the muscle differentiation reported for other indirect-developing polyclads and for direct-developing species of macrostomid flatworms. Furthermore, they provide additional support that the orthogonal muscle pattern of circular and longitudinal muscles is a symplesiomorphy of Spiralia.

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Muscular pattern in three species of Macrostomum (platyhelminthes, macrostomorpha)

Adami

Brusa

Ronderos

et al. 2016

Journal of Morphology

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Previous studies demonstrated complex architecture of the muscular system of Macrostomum species, especially in the rostrum area and the pharynx. However, little is known about the differences in muscular pattern between species of the genus. This study examines and compares the muscular systems of specimens belonging to three freshwater Macrostomum species (M. quiritium, M. tuba and M. velastylum), labeled with phalloidin-rhodamine and studied by confocal microscopy. Our results agree with the previous descriptions, confirming that the muscular patterns for the body wall, rostrum area, pharynx and caudal region differ among species. The muscles of the body wall follow the typical architecture, but the number of fibers in the species analyzed varies between dorsal and ventral surfaces, ranging from 80 to 100 fibers, this record being higher than previous observations. The arrangement of the fibers in the rostrum is complex, especially in the brain area. Macrostomum tuba and M. quiritium have a set of two muscles crossing at brain level and forming an "X," which is not evident in M. velastylum. We identified five different sets of fibers associated to the pharynx and mouth at ventral, medium and deep levels. These different sets are present in all three species studied. The caudal plate in M. tuba has an additional layer of diagonal fibers in the body wall, which is not evident in the other two species. The muscles of the reproductive system are independent of the body wall musculature in the species analyzed, but connected to the intestinal wall by specific fibers that may serve as an anchor. J. Morphol. 278:264-282, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals,Inc.

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Organization and differentiation of the body-wall musculature in Macrostomum (Turbellaria, Macrostomidae)

Cited by 9 publications

References 11 publications

A new model organism among the lower Bilateria and the use of digital microscopy in taxonomy of meiobenthic Platyhelminthes: Macrostomum lignano, n. sp. (Rhabditophora, Macrostomorpha)

A new model organism among the lower Bilateria and the use of digital microscopy in taxonomy of meiobenthic Platyhelminthes: Macrostomum lignano, n. sp. (Rhabditophora, Macrostomorpha)

Embryonic muscle development in direct and indirect developing marine flatworms (Platyhelminthes, Polycladida)

Muscular pattern in three species of Macrostomum (platyhelminthes, macrostomorpha)

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